Culture and Privilege in Capitalist Asia - Jurusan Antropologi ...

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16 Refer to Greenough for an interesting discussion of the incorporation of traditional crafts and craft designs into the furnishing styles and local fashion of the affluent in India (1995:216—48). 17 A female informant in Gujarat related her observation of a Muslim academic colleague who would arrive for work wearing the burka or long gown worn by Muslim women but changed out of it before going in to conduct classes. Similarly, informants from Delhi observed that young Muslim female students came to college wearing burkas but left them in a common room before going to classes. 18 One report calculates the annual household income range for the lower middle class as Rs 18,001—36,000; middle middle class as Rs 36,001—56,000; and upper middle class as Rs 56,001—78,000 (Chakravarti 1995:91). The value of the Australian dollar in mid-November 1995 was approximately Rs. 26. 19 According to an Australian government report, estimates of the size of the middle class range from 100 million people to 250 million people (EAAU 1994:32). Some reports claim even higher figures of around 300 million people. 20 The agitations occurred in 1981 and 1985 (Shah 1987: AN 163 and AN 167). 21 Though the BJP draws its support across the caste spectrum, it is the upper castes who are less equivocal in their backing for the party in comparison to the middle and low castes. 22 This criticism is welcome to sections of business and industry who fear that reducing tariffs as part of liberalisation will swamp the Indian market with foreign goods and squeeze out the local producers. Others are motivated by considerations of cultural nationalism and feel that the influx of Western cultural influences through television and other channels will undermine ‘traditional values’ amongst the youth and people generally. Bibliography INDIAN MIDDLE-CLASS IDENTITY 273 Appadurai, Arjun (1994) ‘Disjuncture and Difference in the Global Cultural Economy’, in Patrick Williams and Laura Chrisman (eds), Colonial Discourse and Post-Colonial Theory: A Reader, London: Harvester Wheatsheaf. ––and Breckenridge, Carol A. (1995) ‘Public Modernity in India’, in Carol A.Breckenridge (ed.), Consuming Modernity: Public Culture in a South Asian World, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. Asia Week (1995a) ‘An Entertainment Bazaar’, 19 May. Asia Week (1995b) ‘The New Indians’, 14 April. Basch, Linda, Schiller, Nina Glick and Blanc, Cristina Szanton (1994) Nations Unbound: Transnational Projects, Postcolonial Predicaments, and Deterritorialized Nation- States, Amsterdam: Gordon & Breach Publishers. Basu, Tapan, Datta, P., Sarkar, S., Sarkar, T. and Sen, S. (1993) Khaki Shorts and Saffron Flags: A Critique of the Hindu Right, New Delhi: Orient Longman Limited. Bhagavan, M.R. (1987) ‘A Critique of India’s Economic Policies and Strategies’, Monthly Review, July-August: 56—79. Bromby, Robin (1995) ‘Middle-Class Market Offers Uphill Battle’, The Australian (The Australian Special Survey: India), 25 January. ––(1998) ‘Industry Seeks a Middle Class’, The Australian (India: Country Survey), 23 January.
274 SALIM LAKHA Business Line (The Hindu) (New Delhi) (1995) ‘US Firm to Build Villas for NRIs’, 16 December. Butterworth, Ley (1995) ‘Investors Urged to Consider the “New” India’, Asian Business Review, February: 46—7. Caruana, Lou (1995) ‘Call for Direct, Equity Investment In India’, The Australian (Business and Finance), 20 June. Chakravarti, Sudeep (1995) ‘The Middle Class: Hurt but Hopeful’, India Today, 12 April. Chandra, Anupama and Agarwal, Amit (1996) ‘Upwardly Mobile’, India Today, 11 January. Chandra, Sudhir (1996) ‘Of Communal Consciousness and Communal Violence: Impressions from Post-Riot Surat’, in John McGuire, Peter Reeves and Howard Brasted (eds), Politics of Violence: From Ayodhya to Behrampada, New Delhi: Sage. Chengappa, Raj (1994) ‘I am an Opportunist’, India Today, 28 February. Clifford, Mark (1995) ‘Let There Be Cash’, Far Eastern Economic Review, 6 April. Davis, Richard H. (1996) ‘The Iconography of Rama’s Chariot’, in David Ludden (ed.), Making India Hindu: Religion, Community, and the Politics of Democracy in India, Delhi: Oxford University Press. Dedrick, Jason and Kraemer, Kenneth L. (1993) ‘Information Technology in India: The Quest for Self-Reliance’, Asian Survey, XXXIII(5), May: 463—92 . Desai, Rashmi (1996) ‘Witnessing Ayodhya’, in John McGuire, Peter Reeves and Howard Brasted (eds), Politics of Violence: From Ayodhya to Behrampada, New Delhi: Sage. Dumont, Louis (1972) Homo Hierarchicus, London: Paladin. EAAU (East Asia Analytical Unit) (1994) India’s Economy at the Midnight Hour: Australia’s India Strategy, Canberra: AGPS. The Economist (1994) ‘Blinking in the Sunlight’, 9 April. Farmer, Victoria L. (1996) ‘Mass Media: Images, Mobilization, and Communalism’, in David Ludden (ed.), Making India Hindu: Religion, Community, and the Politics of Democracy in India, Delhi: Oxford University Press. Featherstone, Mike (1990) ‘Global Culture: An Introduction’, in Mike Featherstone (ed.), Global Culture: Nationalism, Globalization and Modernity, London: Sage. ––(1993) ‘Global and Local Cultures’, in Jon Bird, B.Curtis, T.Putnam, G.Robertson and L.Tickner (eds), Mapping the Futures: Local Cultures, Global Change, London: Routledge. Frankel, Francine R. (1978) India’s Political Economy 1947—1977: The Gradual Revolution, Princeton: Princeton University Press. ––(1988) ‘Middle Classes and Castes in India’s Politics: Prospects for Political Accommodation’, in Atul Kohli (ed.), India’s Democracy: An Analysis of Changing State-Society Relations, Princeton: Princeton University Press. Ghosh, Amitav (1989) ‘The Diaspora in Indian Culture’, Public Culture, 2(1), Fall: 73—8. Greenough, Paul (1995) ‘Nation, Economy and Tradition Displayed: The Crafts Museum, New Delhi’, in Carol A.Breckenridge (ed.), Consuming Modernity: Public Culture in a South Asian World, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. Hardgrave Jr, Robert L. (1980) India: Government and Politics in a Developing Nation, New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 3rd edn. Hariani, Milika (1995) ‘India’s Armani Power-Dresses the Corporate Smart’, The Times of India (New Delhi), 13 December. Harriss, John (1989) ‘Indian Industrialization and the State’, in Hamza Alavi and John Harriss (eds), Sociology of Developing “Societies”: South Asia, London: Macmillan. Harvey, David (1989) The Condition of Postmodernity, Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
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Culture and Privilege in Capitalist
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Culture and Privilege in Capitalist
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Contents Tables vii Notes on contri
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Tables 5.1 Average proportion of ex
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James Ockey is a Senior Lecturer in
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developed through a series of statu
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legitimate wealth. Anti-Chinese sen
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and indigenous Filipino values. The
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1 Cultural relations, class and the
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CULTURAL RELATIONS AND THE NEW RICH
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2 Consumption, social differentiati
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KEN YOUNG 59 doubt on their commitm
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sharp contrast to the culture of th
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KEN YOUNG 63 Singapore, which might
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KEN YOUNG 65 Government responses,
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KEN YOUNG 67 of the Malay and India
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KEN YOUNG 69 survey in The Nation 1
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KEN YOUNG 71 happening in these pla
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KEN YOUNG 73 in the context of soci
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KEN YOUNG 75 neighbourhood and work
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KEN YOUNG 77 upmarket development o
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environment of greater wealth and u
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upmarket boutiques in Singapore are
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KEN YOUNG 83 --(1996b) ‘All the R
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KEN YOUNG 85 Mahathir bin Mohamad (
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3 From Orang Kaya Baru to Melayu Ba
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A.B.SHAMSUL 89 THE MALAY NEW RIGH:
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A.B.SHAMSUL 91 It could be said tha
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A.B.SHAMSUL 93 to the second ‘the
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A.B.SHAMSUL 95 people as Abdullah M
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A.B.SHAMSUL 97 marginalised by colo
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A.B.SHAMSUL 99 leap’, to become r
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A.B.SHAMSUL 101 capitalistic/econom
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A.B.SHAMSUL 103 Most of them have b
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A.B.SHAMSUL 105 When the Malay nati
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Education Act in 1996, allowing for
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A.B.SHAMSUL 109 Kua Kia Soong (1981
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A.B.SHAMSUL 111 Stivens, Maila (199
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A JAPANESE FIRM IN MALAYSIA 113 Mal
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A JAPANESE FIRM IN MALAYSIA 115 aff
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A JAPANESE FIRM IN MALAYSIA 117 to
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A JAPANESE FIRM IN MALAYSIA 119 cou
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A JAPANESE FIRM IN MALAYSIA 121 emp
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A JAPANESE FIRM IN MALAYSIA 123 to
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A JAPANESE FIRM IN MALAYSIA 125 Rid
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A JAPANESE FIRM IN MALAYSIA 127 sid
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A JAPANESE FIRM IN MALAYSIA 129 man
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A JAPANESE FIRM IN MALAYSIA 131 fin
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A JAPANESE FIRM IN MALAYSIA 133 clu
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A JAPANESE FIRM IN MALAYSIA 135 cir
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A JAPANESE FIRM IN MALAYSIA 137 Kes
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SINGAPORE AND THE NEW MIDDLE CLASS
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Table 5.5 Distribution of resident
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IDENTITY POLITICS OF INDONESIA’S
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7 The new rich and cultural tension
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HANS ANTLÖV 191 growing population
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HANS ANTLÖV 193 state-based offici
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HANS ANTLÖV 195 wonder how he can
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HANS ANTLÖV 197 Chinese-run fashio
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HANS ANTLÖV 199 order for Indonesi
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HANS ANTLÖV 201 regulating’ (Sul
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HANS ANTLÖV 203 cosmopolitan Bandu
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HANS ANTLÖV 205 community in which
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modernity without at the same time
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8 How a revolution becomes a dinner
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CHRISTOPHER BUCKLEY 211 activity. A
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Table 8.1 Occupational class classi
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CHRISTOPHER BUCKLEY 215 Table 8.2 A
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Table 8.3 Inflow and outflow table
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CHRISTOPHER BUCKLEY 219 entrepreneu
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Table 8.4 Distribution of friendshi
Page 240 and 241: CHRISTOPHER BUCKLEY 223 individuals
Page 242 and 243: CHRISTOPHER BUCKLEY 225 REPUTATION,
Page 244 and 245: CHRISTOPHER BUCKLEY 227 I’m happy
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Page 248 and 249: 9 Creating the Thai middle class Ji
Page 250 and 251: JIM OCKEY 233 made up, then, largel
Page 252 and 253: JIM OCKEY 235 justified…[This str
Page 254 and 255: Table 9.2 Occupations ranked by sta
Page 256 and 257: JIM OCKEY 239 Other scholarship, wh
Page 258 and 259: JIM OCKEY 241 Political Science at
Page 260 and 261: growth (Bangkok Post, 3 January 199
Page 262 and 263: JIM OCKEY 245 tentatively question
Page 264 and 265: democracy by associating it with a
Page 266 and 267: cent of the demonstrators made less
Page 268 and 269: JIM OCKEY 251 Teeranat Karnjana-uks
Page 270 and 271: INDIAN MIDDLE-CLASS IDENTITY 253 is
Page 272 and 273: INDIAN MIDDLE-CLASS IDENTITY 255 19
Page 274 and 275: INDIAN MIDDLE-CLASS IDENTITY 257 By
Page 276 and 277: INDIAN MIDDLE-CLASS IDENTITY 259 Th
Page 278 and 279: INDIAN MIDDLE-CLASS IDENTITY 261 no
Page 280 and 281: INDIAN MIDDLE-CLASS IDENTITY 263 In
Page 282 and 283: INDIAN MIDDLE-CLASS IDENTITY 265 Th
Page 284 and 285: INDIAN MIDDLE-CLASS IDENTITY 267 re
Page 286 and 287: INDIAN MIDDLE-CLASS IDENTITY 269 th
Page 288 and 289: INDIAN MIDDLE-CLASS IDENTITY 271 te
Page 292 and 293: INDIAN MIDDLE-CLASS IDENTITY 275 Hi
Page 294 and 295: 11 Entrepreneurship, consumption, e
Page 296 and 297: THE MAKING OF THE PHILIPINES’ NEW
Page 322 and 323: Chai-anan Samudavanija 233 Chakrava
Page 324 and 325: Harry, F. 170 Hart, G. 195 Hartono,
Page 326 and 327: McDonald’s 169, 262 Mackie, J.A.C
Page 328 and 329: Rudner, M. 90 Rudolph, L.I. and Rud
Page 330: wages: seniority principle in 116,
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