Culture and Privilege in Capitalist Asia - Jurusan Antropologi ...

184 ARIEL HERYANTO
in the sense that they have reference to what many have termed diasporas rather
than localised cultural or national groups’ (forthcoming).
35 This is not to suggest that the government’s interests and those of the private enterprise
are fundamentally antagonistic. However, the government’s retreat from business
indicates its irremediable decline of political prowess. Government attempts to
reassert its economic power have been disastrous as illustrated by the Timor national
car industry in 1996 and Busang gold-mine scandal in 1997.
36 A complementary government measure is the ‘National Discipline Movement’
(Gerakan Disiplin Nasional) directed at public service and activities like queuing or
littering. Another government move attempted to reinvigorate defunct nationalist
sentiments. In 1993 and 1995, for example, the names of all buildings, real-estate
complexes and corporations were converted to Indonesian. Most new rich complied
only superficially with these various programmes.
37 An excerpt of the decree can be found in Jakarta-Jakarta (1993a:19). Among other
things, it imposed restrictions on gifts, official hospitality, holiday celebrations,
birthdays, weddings, and anniversaries. As early as the 1960s it was illegal for
military officers to stay at Hotel Indonesia, the country’s first international-class hotel.
In 1979, no military office could have an air-conditioner or carpet (Jakarta-Jakarta
1993a: 20).
38 The Governor of Central Java proposed to build an official residential complex
costing Rp. 7.04 thousand million (US$3.2m). Local government in South Sulawesi
intended to purchase 23 cars, each worth Rp. 180 million (US$81,800). The Regent of
Bekasi, West Java, was preparing to pay Rp. 1,000 million (US$455,000) to build
a swimming pool within the Regency compound (Forum Keadilan 1995b, 1996c;
Tiras 1995d).
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