Culture and Privilege in Capitalist Asia - Jurusan Antropologi ...

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JIM OCKEY 251 Teeranat Karnjana-uksorn (1993), ‘The Military and Business’, in Sungsidh and Pasuk (1993b:279—306). Thailand Company Information 1990—91 (1991), Bangkok: A.R. Business Consultant. Thailand in Figures (annual), Bangkok: Tera International. Thawatt Mokarapong (1972) History of the Thai Revolution, Bangkok: Chalermnit. Thirayut Bunmi (1994) Suan nung khong khwamsongjam 20 pi 14 Tula (One Part of Memory 20 Years 14 October), Bangkok: Winyuchon. Thompson, E.P. (1968) The Making of the English Working Class, Harmondsworth: Penguin. Thompson, Virginia (1941) Thailand: The New Siam, New York: Macmillan. Vivat Prateepchaikul (1994) ‘An Alternative Vision of the World’, Bangkok Post Year End Economic Review 1994, 30 December: 74—6. Voravidh Charoenlert (1993), ‘The Middle Class and May 1992’), in Sungsidh and Pasuk (1993b:117—54). Weber, M. (1946) ‘Class, Status, Party’, in H.H. Gerth and C.Wright Mills (eds and translators), From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology, New York: Oxford University Press. Wilson, David A. (1962) Politics in Thailand, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University. Withayakan Chiangkun (1993) Khabuankan naksuksa Thai chak 2475 thung 14 Tulakhom 2516 (The Thai Student Movement from 1932 to 14 October 1973), Bangkok: Grammy Publishing House. Wyatt, David (1982) Thailand: A Short History, New Haven: Yale University. Zimmerman, Robert (1974) ‘Student Revolution in Thailand: The End of the Bureaucratic Polity?’, Asian Survey, no. 14, June: 509—29. 100 wan wirachon prachathipatai (100 Days of the Heroes of Democracy) (1992), Bangkok: Thammasat University.
10 The state, globalisation and Indian middle-class identity Salim Lakha The celebration of the Indian middle class in recent years symbolises its dominant presence in the economy. To foreign investors and government officials, the middle class is a potential market and a testimony to the country’s economic progress. Whereas in the 1960s and 1970s India’s image was synonymous with poverty, in the 1980s and 1990s international attention has increasingly focused on the process of economic liberalisation and globalisation. The burgeoning middle class, which gained a new lease of life under a liberalised economic environment (post-1985), has emerged as a selling point for the country in international forums. Subsequent to India’s further economic liberalisation in July 1991, a report in Fortune magazine announced that the country’s attempt to enter the global economy offered ample ‘opportunities’, especially ‘the chance to sell to India’s huge middle class’ whose expansion, it claimed, was more rapid than that of other sections of the population (Jacob 1992:20). Similarly, at a business forum in Melbourne, India’s Minister of State for External Affairs strongly promoted India as an alternative to China by highlighting his country’s strengths, including an estimated middle class of over 250 million people (Caruana 1995:61). Viewing the middle class in terms of consumption or a consumer goods market is a common feature of many reports on economic liberalisation in India. The affluence of the middle class in India in recent years is closely associated with the process of economic deregulation at the domestic level and the opening up of the economy to global forces, both of which are intrinsic features of the liberalisation process. One report stated that the middle classes ‘claim the economic reforms as their own’, and that they have gained ‘in terms of a greater variety of produce and greater purchasing power’ (Uren 1995:78). Another report confirmed such an assessment by quoting a middle-class employee of Indian Airlines who stated: ‘I support liberalization. Globalization has led to an improvement in the quality of goods and a wider buyers’ choice’ (Chakravarti 1995:91). By most accounts the middle class is expressing an insatiable propensity to consume as a consequence of rising incomes and a greater variety of goods offered through an increased exposure to global forces. Whilst many reports highlight the rapidly growing size of the middle class and its predilection for consumerism, there is insufficient recognition of its transnational character and identity. The underlying assumption in this chapter
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Culture and Privilege in Capitalist
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Culture and Privilege in Capitalist
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Contents Tables vii Notes on contri
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Tables 5.1 Average proportion of ex
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James Ockey is a Senior Lecturer in
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developed through a series of statu
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legitimate wealth. Anti-Chinese sen
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and indigenous Filipino values. The
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1 Cultural relations, class and the
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CULTURAL RELATIONS AND THE NEW RICH
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2 Consumption, social differentiati
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KEN YOUNG 59 doubt on their commitm
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sharp contrast to the culture of th
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KEN YOUNG 63 Singapore, which might
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KEN YOUNG 65 Government responses,
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KEN YOUNG 67 of the Malay and India
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KEN YOUNG 69 survey in The Nation 1
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KEN YOUNG 71 happening in these pla
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KEN YOUNG 73 in the context of soci
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KEN YOUNG 75 neighbourhood and work
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KEN YOUNG 77 upmarket development o
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environment of greater wealth and u
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upmarket boutiques in Singapore are
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KEN YOUNG 83 --(1996b) ‘All the R
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KEN YOUNG 85 Mahathir bin Mohamad (
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3 From Orang Kaya Baru to Melayu Ba
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A.B.SHAMSUL 89 THE MALAY NEW RIGH:
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A.B.SHAMSUL 91 It could be said tha
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A.B.SHAMSUL 93 to the second ‘the
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A.B.SHAMSUL 95 people as Abdullah M
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A.B.SHAMSUL 97 marginalised by colo
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A.B.SHAMSUL 99 leap’, to become r
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A.B.SHAMSUL 101 capitalistic/econom
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A.B.SHAMSUL 103 Most of them have b
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A.B.SHAMSUL 105 When the Malay nati
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Education Act in 1996, allowing for
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A.B.SHAMSUL 109 Kua Kia Soong (1981
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A.B.SHAMSUL 111 Stivens, Maila (199
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A JAPANESE FIRM IN MALAYSIA 113 Mal
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A JAPANESE FIRM IN MALAYSIA 115 aff
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A JAPANESE FIRM IN MALAYSIA 117 to
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A JAPANESE FIRM IN MALAYSIA 119 cou
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A JAPANESE FIRM IN MALAYSIA 121 emp
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A JAPANESE FIRM IN MALAYSIA 123 to
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A JAPANESE FIRM IN MALAYSIA 125 Rid
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A JAPANESE FIRM IN MALAYSIA 127 sid
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A JAPANESE FIRM IN MALAYSIA 129 man
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A JAPANESE FIRM IN MALAYSIA 131 fin
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A JAPANESE FIRM IN MALAYSIA 133 clu
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A JAPANESE FIRM IN MALAYSIA 135 cir
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A JAPANESE FIRM IN MALAYSIA 137 Kes
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SINGAPORE AND THE NEW MIDDLE CLASS
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Table 5.5 Distribution of resident
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IDENTITY POLITICS OF INDONESIA’S
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7 The new rich and cultural tension
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HANS ANTLÖV 191 growing population
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HANS ANTLÖV 193 state-based offici
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HANS ANTLÖV 195 wonder how he can
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HANS ANTLÖV 197 Chinese-run fashio
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HANS ANTLÖV 199 order for Indonesi
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Page 220 and 221: HANS ANTLÖV 203 cosmopolitan Bandu
Page 222 and 223: HANS ANTLÖV 205 community in which
Page 224 and 225: modernity without at the same time
Page 226 and 227: 8 How a revolution becomes a dinner
Page 228 and 229: CHRISTOPHER BUCKLEY 211 activity. A
Page 230 and 231: Table 8.1 Occupational class classi
Page 232 and 233: CHRISTOPHER BUCKLEY 215 Table 8.2 A
Page 234 and 235: Table 8.3 Inflow and outflow table
Page 236 and 237: CHRISTOPHER BUCKLEY 219 entrepreneu
Page 238 and 239: Table 8.4 Distribution of friendshi
Page 240 and 241: CHRISTOPHER BUCKLEY 223 individuals
Page 242 and 243: CHRISTOPHER BUCKLEY 225 REPUTATION,
Page 244 and 245: CHRISTOPHER BUCKLEY 227 I’m happy
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Page 248 and 249: 9 Creating the Thai middle class Ji
Page 250 and 251: JIM OCKEY 233 made up, then, largel
Page 252 and 253: JIM OCKEY 235 justified…[This str
Page 254 and 255: Table 9.2 Occupations ranked by sta
Page 256 and 257: JIM OCKEY 239 Other scholarship, wh
Page 258 and 259: JIM OCKEY 241 Political Science at
Page 260 and 261: growth (Bangkok Post, 3 January 199
Page 262 and 263: JIM OCKEY 245 tentatively question
Page 264 and 265: democracy by associating it with a
Page 266 and 267: cent of the demonstrators made less
Page 270 and 271: INDIAN MIDDLE-CLASS IDENTITY 253 is
Page 272 and 273: INDIAN MIDDLE-CLASS IDENTITY 255 19
Page 274 and 275: INDIAN MIDDLE-CLASS IDENTITY 257 By
Page 276 and 277: INDIAN MIDDLE-CLASS IDENTITY 259 Th
Page 278 and 279: INDIAN MIDDLE-CLASS IDENTITY 261 no
Page 280 and 281: INDIAN MIDDLE-CLASS IDENTITY 263 In
Page 282 and 283: INDIAN MIDDLE-CLASS IDENTITY 265 Th
Page 284 and 285: INDIAN MIDDLE-CLASS IDENTITY 267 re
Page 286 and 287: INDIAN MIDDLE-CLASS IDENTITY 269 th
Page 288 and 289: INDIAN MIDDLE-CLASS IDENTITY 271 te
Page 290 and 291: 16 Refer to Greenough for an intere
Page 292 and 293: INDIAN MIDDLE-CLASS IDENTITY 275 Hi
Page 294 and 295: 11 Entrepreneurship, consumption, e
Page 296 and 297: THE MAKING OF THE PHILIPINES’ NEW
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THE MAKING OF THE PHILIPINES’ NEW
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THE MAKING OF THE PHILIPINES’ NEW
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Chai-anan Samudavanija 233 Chakrava
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Harry, F. 170 Hart, G. 195 Hartono,
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McDonald’s 169, 262 Mackie, J.A.C
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Rudner, M. 90 Rudolph, L.I. and Rud
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wages: seniority principle in 116,
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