Cash or Card: Consumer Perceptions of Payment Modes - Scholarly ...

Exhibit 6.1: Payment Mode Associations
Example Quote N Example Quote N
Calculated shopping with cash 20 Debit card links over spending 18
Indifferent to cash or debit payment mode 16 Cash is physical and reliable 14
Debit card means savings 14 Debit card encourages spending 13
Money in debit card is numbers and value 13 Money in debit card unreal 11
Cash makes me feel rich and happy 10 Cash is more acceptable 9
Debit card means modern life style 9 Without worry shopping with card 8
Cash is traditional 7 Cash means savings 7
Cash is opportunity & relief 7 Cash limits spending 7
Debit card is safe & secure 6 Debit card –overestimate 6
Breaking $ 100 cash note hurts-pp 2 Cash means unwise spending 5
I hate to check balance 5 Debit card feels less restrictive 5
Cash more control over money 5 Cash reduces the pleasure of
shopping
3
Cash is real 3 Smart Card feels lesser value 1
Hurts spending cash 2 People get addicted to swiping card 2
Debit encourage spending on luxury item 13 Debit card dulls the joy of purchase 2
Cash seen as token waiting to be spent 1 Debit card means online shopping 1
Can't keep track of spending with debit card 1
No control over debit card spending 1
Exhibit 6.2: Qualitative Themes
Themes Cash – 33 Item Debit Card – 34 Items
Positive Emotions 8 8
Money as Gift 3 3
Money Management 5 5
Spending Control 6 6
Behaviour 3 4
Negative Emotions 8 8
An initial pool of 90 items was generated from the 63 themes shown in Exhibit 5.8 and via
extra discussion with university students and staff. Some items were removed because of
duplication and non relevance. The items were then re-assessed by a panel comprising
university students and staff and focus group participants. Focus group members were
included as Maxwell (2005:110) recommends “respondent validation to minimise
interviewee reactivity”, so items were re-assessed by the focus group participants. This
resulted in an initial set of 67 test items (see Exhibit 6.3). .
6.3.2: Pre Test One - Data Preparation
Normality of dataset was assessed via skewness and kurtosis. Twenty items out of sixty-
seven reveal skewness and 9 items show kurtosis above the normal range exceeding the
acceptable level of ± 2 for skewness and ± 3 for kurtosis. Data transformation using square
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