Cash or Card: Consumer Perceptions of Payment Modes - Scholarly ...

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List of Exhibits Exhibit 2.1. Zellermeyer 1996:66 Payment mode choice based on degree of pain-pleasure associated with the purchase .........................................................................25 Exhibit 4.1. Shoe Types (after Kaiser et al. 1987) .............................................................49 Exhibit 4.2. Workbook tasks .................................................................................................49 Exhibit 4.3. Product Categories .....................................................................................54 Exhibit 5.1. Demographic Profile .....................................................................................59 Exhibit 5.2. Projective test One(a) .....................................................................................60 Exhibit 5.3. Projective test One(b) .....................................................................................61 Exhibit 5.4. Shoes and Human Attributes associated with shoes .....................................66 Exhibit 5.5. Human Trait Scores of $20 and $100 Notes and $100 in Debit Card .............67 Exhibit 5.6. Summary of Findings .....................................................................................68 Exhibit 5.7. Key Themes Identified .....................................................................................77 Exhibit 5.8. Quotes for PMP Scale .....................................................................................80 Exhibit 6.1. Payment Mode Associations .........................................................................91 Exhibit 6.2. Qualitative Themes .....................................................................................91 Exhibit 6.3. Pre-test One scale items .....................................................................................93 Exhibit 6.4. Deleted items in Pre-test One .........................................................................94 Exhibit 6.5. 49 Item scale in Pre-test Two .........................................................................98 Exhibit 6.6. Items did not load in Factor Analysis ............................................................103 Exhibit 6.7. Items reworded and retained in Pre-test Two ................................................103 Exhibit 6.8. The items that were deleted in Pre-test Two ................................................103 Exhibit 6.9. Pre-Test Items removed from the 49 item scale ................................................110 Exhibit 6.10. The Thirty-four Item Scale ........................................................................111 Exhibit 6.11. Factor Dimensions ....................................................................................114 Exhibit 7.1. Propositions ................................................................................................116 Exhibit 7.2. Proposition Two- Evaluation ........................................................................128
List of Tables Table 6.1. Exploratory Factor Analysis –Pre-test One ..............................................94 Table 6.2. Inter-item and Item-to-total correlations ..........................................................96 Table 6.3. Coefficient alpha after initial item purification ..............................................97 Table 6.4. Pre-test Two – Skewness and Kurtosis before Transformation ......................99 Table 6.5. Assessing Test- Re test Reliability and Response bias ..................................100 Table 6.6. Corrected item-to-total correlations ..........................................................101 Table 6.7. Coefficient alpha before initial item purification ..............................................101 Table 6.8. Variance explained and KMO & Bartlett test ..............................................101 Table 6.9. Item communalities less than 0.50 ......................................................................102 Table 6.10 Factor analysis- Pattern Matrix ......................................................................104 Table 6.11. Confirmatory Factor Analysis: Pre-test Two ..............................................107 Table 6.12. Demonstrating convergent validity from Pre-test Two ..................................108 Table 6.13. Pre Test Two -- Discriminant validity ..........................................................109 Table 6.14. Summary of Final Results from Exploratory Factor Analysis – Field Study...112 Table 6.15. Confirmatory Factor Analysis: Field Study ..............................................113 Table 6.16. Demonstrating convergent validity ..........................................................113 Table 7.1. Power Levels of Two Means: Variations by sample and effect size ..........118 Table 7.2. Participant profile by payment mode ..........................................................119 Table 7.3. Control group-within group comparison ..........................................................121 Table 7.4. Control group-Test Groups Comparison ..........................................................122 Table 7.5. Average spend on manufacturer’s brand vs. private label ..................................123 Table 7.6. Average spend by payment mode ......................................................................124 Table 7.7. Average items bought across payment mode ..............................................125 Table 7.8. Indulgence food product by payment mode ..............................................126 Table 7.9. Food and drinks by payment mode: Average Spend ..................................126 Table 7.10. Non-food items by payment mode: Average spend ..................................127 Table 7.11. Manufacturers and distributors brands: Average spend ..................................137 Table 7.12. Comparisons of Factor Means ......................................................................130 Table 7.13. Mean Item Score: Field Study ......................................................................134 Attestation of Authorship vii vi
Page 1 and 2: Cash or Card: Consumer Perceptions
Page 3 and 4: Chapter Four: Research Design and M
Page 5: List of Figures Figure 6.1 Sree Plo
Page 9 and 10: Acknowledgement The research idea i
Page 11 and 12: Abstract This study examines the co
Page 13 and 14: the payment mode selected impacts o
Page 15 and 16: Identifying the exact origin of anc
Page 17 and 18: 1.5: Study Locus and Context The av
Page 19 and 20: compare participants normal or pref
Page 21 and 22: Chapter 2 provides a critical revie
Page 23 and 24: 2.2: The Emergence of the Money Con
Page 25 and 26: commodity (bullion) and issued the
Page 27 and 28: 2.5: Payment Mode and Purchase Beha
Page 29 and 30: and Belmont (1996) found that resta
Page 31 and 32: Households’ Spending’ run by th
Page 33 and 34: students (n=37) were also asked to
Page 35 and 36: enefit of consumption and the assoc
Page 37 and 38: associated with the purchase of ple
Page 39 and 40: A number of explanations for how pa
Page 41 and 42: 2.6.5: Summary As this review of th
Page 43 and 44: Questions one and two are based on
Page 45 and 46: and label" events and occurrences,
Page 47 and 48: Thaler (1998) asserts that mental a
Page 49 and 50: If this is so then it is the transp
Page 51 and 52: The Chapter contends that the payme
Page 53 and 54: In this chapter, the methodology fo
Page 55 and 56: solid data, the issue of generalisa
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the experience. To do this requires
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as participants managed to link the
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4.4.2: Participant Selection There
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were initially examined via a test-
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set, in addition to the payment mod
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There are two major validity threat
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The Chapter commences by describing
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of all three projective tests. A fu
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However the negative thoughts diffe
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cold. It seems that money in the de
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thought the shoe (that was linked t
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Exhibit 5.6: Summary of findings $2
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denominations ($5, $10). On the oth
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Emotions (see Exhibit 5.7g) The mos
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� It is just when I can hear coin
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� I don’t feel that when I see
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Exhibit 5.7 (c) LIQUIDITY � if I
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Exhibit 5.8. Quotes for PMP Scale.
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82 Using cash to pay for purchases
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84 Using a debit card to pay for tr
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` 86 If I had a $20 note in my wall
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88 Chapter Six Development and Vali
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latent variable determines the obse
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oot (sqrt) was applied to normalize
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Exploratory Factor Analysis reveale
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96 Table 6.2: Inter-Item and Item-t
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98 Exhibit 6.5: 49 Item Scale in Pr
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6.4.2: Pre-Test Two - Internal Cons
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The 45 items were examined to facto
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6.4.4: Pre Test Two - Final Factor
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6.4.6: Assessing Construct Validity
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used to measure individual construc
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110 Exhibit 6.9: Pre-Test Items Rem
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Table 6.14: Summary of Final Result
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All dimensions (Table 6.16) show AV
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7.1: Chapter Overview 116 Chapter S
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Four product categories of househol
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Since the use of cash and debit car
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7.4.1.2: Control Group-Test Groups
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7.4.2: Proposition Two Evaluation T
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126 Table 7.8: Indulgence Food Prod
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128 Exhibit 7.2: Proposition Two: E
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130 Table 7.12: Comparisons of Fact
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Proposition Two that- where consume
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Table 7.13: Mean Item Score: Field
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Research Question One: Do the cogni
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token is used, perceptions and beha
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would spend it on something special
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8.4: Methodological Contribution Th
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144 � The priming regarding the s
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it may be prudent for governments,
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Bechara, A., & Damasio, A. (2005).
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Carruthers, B., & Babb, S. (1996).
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Dohrenwend, B. P., Itzhak Levav, P.
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Garcia-Swartz, D., Hahn, W. R., & L
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Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B
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Kassarjian, H. H. (1977). Content a
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Loix, E. Pepermans, R. Van Hove, L.
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Nielsen Research (2011, August) Nie
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Reimann & Bechara (2009) The somati
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Singh (2004) Impersonalisation of e
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Trent, J. & Smalley, G. (1992) The
Page 181 and 182:
Zelizer, V. (1994). The social mean
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its usage. This in turn points out
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Adam Smith proposed that money is s
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During the 1950s, researchers began
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use of borrowed money. The introduc
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Appendix 2: Projective Tasks- Workb
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TASK THREE For this activity you wi
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TASK SIX Shopping experience using
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Activity Two Tick five traits/chara
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Appendix 3: Moderator Guide When pa
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important. Individual opinions and
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192 Write few sentences describing
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Appendix 5: Projective Tests- Theme
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Appendix 7: Projective Tool (Debit
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