Cash or Card: Consumer Perceptions of Payment Modes - Scholarly ...

Exhibit 4.1: Shoe Types (after Kaiser et al. 1987)
Women’s Shoe Descriptions
High-heeled footwear Shoes with heels 2 inches (5 cm) or higher. They are often commonly
worn by women for formal occasions or social outings
Kitten heels Low high heels from about 1.5 to 2 inches high, set in from the back of
the shoe
Sneaker boot Shoe that looks like an athletic shoe, but is equipped with a heel, making it a kin of
novelty dress shoe.
Wedge Sandals Sandals but have the ankles higher as if wearing a high heels shoe.
Mules Shoes or slippers with no fitting around the heel (i.e. they are backless)
Slingbacks Shoes which are secured by a strap behind the heel, rather than over the top of the foot.
Espadrilles Casual flat or high heeled fashion sandals of a style which usually have a cotton or
canvas upper and a flexible sole of rope or rubber
Pumps
Known in the UL as Ballerinas, are shoes with a very low heel and a relatively short
vamps, exposing much of the instep.
Men’s Shoe Descriptions
Balmorals/Oxfords An Oxford shoe is a style of leather shoe with enclosed lacing.
Bluchers/Derbys The laces are tied to two pieces of leather independently attached to vamps,
also known as open lacing.
Monk-straps A buckle and strap instead of lacing.
Slip-ons There are no lacings or fastenings. The popular loafers are part of this category.
Unisex Descriptions
The flip-flop sandal Sandal with basic design and function
Platform shoes Shoe with very thick soles and heels
Moccasin A soft shoe without a heel and usually made of leather.
Saddles shoes Leather shoes with a contrasting saddle-shaped band over the instep
Slip-on shoes A casual shoe without laces, often with tassels, buckles.
Boat shoe Also known as deck shoe: similar to loafer, but more casual. Laces are simple leather
with no frills. Typically has soft leather to avoid scratching a boat deck
Boots Long shoe covering the ankle.
Slippers For indoor use, commonly worn with pyjamas.
Athletic Descriptions
Running shoes Emphasis on cushioning
Track spikes Lightweight; often with plastic or metal cleats
Cleat Usually, worn playing rugby, football, & baseball
Golf shoes Soft spikes made of synthetic plastic that cause less damage to greens.
Bowling shoes They have hard rubber soles so as not to damage bowling alleys floor
Hiking shoes Usually have high stiff fronts with many lace eyelets to provide ankle
support on uneven terrain
Walking shoes More flexible sole than running shoes, lighter in weight than hiking boot.
Cycling shoes Are equipped with metal or plastic cleat to interface with clip-less pedals, as well
as a stiff sole to maximise power transfer.
Exhibit 4.2: Workbook Tasks
First Test Set: This set involved presenting participants with banks notes ($20, and $100 denominations) and
a debit card. The debit card was specifically designed so that it could not be confused with cards currently in
circulation - the intent being to avoid bias linked to brand name recognition. Here participants completed word
association tests.
Second Test Set: This set comprised three scenarios - two shopping scenarios (using cash and card payment
modes) and one gift situation:
Imagine yesterday was your birthday, and a special person (parent, sibling or best friend)
gave you a birthday card. You opened the envelope and found a NZ $50 note in cash.
What thoughts and feelings come to mind? List the words that come immediately to mind.
Do not analyse your responses. Do not think about the words. Just write down your first
thoughts - even if you think they are odd or strange. Try to complete the task in no more
than 3 minutes.
Third Test Set. This set involved presenting participants with two tasks designed to allow the participants to
anchor their thoughts about the notes and debit cards. This required participants to link the characteristics of
shoes to the bank notes and the card. They were also requested to identify, from a bank of personality traits,
those they associated with the bank notes and the 49 debit card.
A full version of the final version of the work book and management protocols is in Appendix 3 Pg.15-19.