Cash or Card: Consumer Perceptions of Payment Modes - Scholarly ...

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Table 6.3: Coefficient Alpha After Initial Item Purification 97 Constructs Cronbach Alpha Positive Emotions 0.859 Negative Emotions 0.683 Spending Control 0.699 Behaviour 0.687 Gift 0.795 Status/pleasure 0.713 Overall Average 0.739 6.4: Testing and Finalising: Pre-Test two The item purification process in pre-test one resulted in 49 items standing the test of reliability (See Exhibit 6.5). Three weeks later the revised questionnaire was administered to 259 students who also participated in pre-test one. The sample size for pre-tests one and two show variable to observation ratios of 1:4.9 (67:331) and 1:5.8 (49:259) respectively. Flynn and Pearcy (2001) recommend a variable-to-observation ratio ranging from 1:4 to at least 1:10 for each set of scales to be factor analysed. Hair, Black, Babin, Anderson and Tatham (2006) suggest that at this sample size only loading of ± 0.50 or greater should be considered statistically significant.
98 Exhibit 6.5: 49 Item Scale in Pre-test Two 1. I am not conscious of how much I spend when paying by cash 2. Using a debit card gives me higher social status 3. Debit cards are more sophisticated than cash (coins/notes) 4. I spend more when I use my debit card 5. If I had a $100 note in my wallet I would feel affluent 6. I like using cash to pay for my purchases 7. If a gift of $100 were deposited into my debit account I would probably use it to buy something special 8. I tend to think I have more money in my debit card account than I actually have 9. If I had a $20 note in my wallet I would consider it spent. 10. I would restrict my spending if I could only pay by cash 11. I buy fewer unnecessary items when I use cash to pay for my purchases 12. A debit card provides convenience, ease 13. I tend to over- estimate the amount of money I have in my debit card account. 14. I feel unsafe and at risk if I have a lot of money in my wallet 15. Using a debit card to pay for transactions reduces the joy of shopping 16. I am more likely to overspend when I use a debit card 17. I like the sensation I get when I hold a $100 note in my hand 18. If someone gave me a gift card of $100 I would spend it on something special 19. If I have cash in my wallet is money to be spent 20. I like the sensation I get when I hold my debit card in my hand 21. I don’t like to use cash as it reduces the pleasure of shopping 22. I like having cash (coins/notes) in my wallet 23. If I had a $100 note in my wallet I would feel secure 24. I feel sad when I use cash to pay for purchases 25. If I had a $100 note in my wallet I would be reluctant to spend it 26. If someone gave me a $100 note as a gift I would spend it on something special 27. If I had a $100 note in my wallet I would feel assured 28. I feel sad when I use my debit card to pay for purchase 29. If I had a $100 note in my wallet I would feel uneasy 30. I am more likely to buy less necessary items when I use a debit card to pay for items 31. I prefer to use cash to pay majority of my day to day purchases 32. Using my debit card to pay for purchases is pleasurable 33. Having money in a debit card is safer than having it in a wallet 34. Using a debit card helps me manage my budget/ money 35. If I had a $100 note in my wallet I would feel confident 36. I often feel angry when I check my debit card statements 37. If I had a $100 note in my wallet I would consider it spent 38. Using cash to pay for purchases reduce my spending 39. I prefer to to use a debit card to pay for the majority of my day to day purchases 40. Using my debit card to pay for purchases is pleasurable 41. If I had a $100 note in my wallet I would feel relaxed 42. I compare prices when I use cash to pay for my purchases 43. I would not be conscious of how much I spend if I use a debit card to pay for purchases Consider that you have a debit card with $100 available to use and tell us how you would respond to the following statements: 44. I would be reluctant to spend it 45. I would feel uneasy 46. I would feel confident 47. I would feel secure 48. I would feel relaxed 49. I would feel affluent
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Cash or Card: Consumer Perceptions
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Chapter Four: Research Design and M
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List of Figures Figure 6.1 Sree Plo
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List of Tables Table 6.1. Explorato
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Acknowledgement The research idea i
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Abstract This study examines the co
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the payment mode selected impacts o
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Identifying the exact origin of anc
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1.5: Study Locus and Context The av
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compare participants normal or pref
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Chapter 2 provides a critical revie
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2.2: The Emergence of the Money Con
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commodity (bullion) and issued the
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2.5: Payment Mode and Purchase Beha
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and Belmont (1996) found that resta
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Households’ Spending’ run by th
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students (n=37) were also asked to
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enefit of consumption and the assoc
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associated with the purchase of ple
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A number of explanations for how pa
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2.6.5: Summary As this review of th
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Questions one and two are based on
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and label" events and occurrences,
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Thaler (1998) asserts that mental a
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If this is so then it is the transp
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The Chapter contends that the payme
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In this chapter, the methodology fo
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solid data, the issue of generalisa
Page 57 and 58: the experience. To do this requires
Page 59 and 60: as participants managed to link the
Page 61 and 62: 4.4.2: Participant Selection There
Page 63 and 64: were initially examined via a test-
Page 65 and 66: set, in addition to the payment mod
Page 67 and 68: There are two major validity threat
Page 69 and 70: The Chapter commences by describing
Page 71 and 72: of all three projective tests. A fu
Page 73 and 74: However the negative thoughts diffe
Page 75 and 76: cold. It seems that money in the de
Page 77 and 78: thought the shoe (that was linked t
Page 79 and 80: Exhibit 5.6: Summary of findings $2
Page 81 and 82: denominations ($5, $10). On the oth
Page 83 and 84: Emotions (see Exhibit 5.7g) The mos
Page 85 and 86: � It is just when I can hear coin
Page 87 and 88: � I don’t feel that when I see
Page 89 and 90: Exhibit 5.7 (c) LIQUIDITY � if I
Page 91 and 92: Exhibit 5.8. Quotes for PMP Scale.
Page 93 and 94: 82 Using cash to pay for purchases
Page 95 and 96: 84 Using a debit card to pay for tr
Page 97 and 98: ` 86 If I had a $20 note in my wall
Page 99 and 100: 88 Chapter Six Development and Vali
Page 101 and 102: latent variable determines the obse
Page 103 and 104: oot (sqrt) was applied to normalize
Page 105 and 106: Exploratory Factor Analysis reveale
Page 107: 96 Table 6.2: Inter-Item and Item-t
Page 111 and 112: 6.4.2: Pre-Test Two - Internal Cons
Page 113 and 114: The 45 items were examined to facto
Page 115 and 116: 6.4.4: Pre Test Two - Final Factor
Page 117 and 118: 6.4.6: Assessing Construct Validity
Page 119 and 120: used to measure individual construc
Page 121 and 122: 110 Exhibit 6.9: Pre-Test Items Rem
Page 123 and 124: Table 6.14: Summary of Final Result
Page 125 and 126: All dimensions (Table 6.16) show AV
Page 127 and 128: 7.1: Chapter Overview 116 Chapter S
Page 129 and 130: Four product categories of househol
Page 131 and 132: Since the use of cash and debit car
Page 133 and 134: 7.4.1.2: Control Group-Test Groups
Page 135 and 136: 7.4.2: Proposition Two Evaluation T
Page 137 and 138: 126 Table 7.8: Indulgence Food Prod
Page 139 and 140: 128 Exhibit 7.2: Proposition Two: E
Page 141 and 142: 130 Table 7.12: Comparisons of Fact
Page 143 and 144: Proposition Two that- where consume
Page 145 and 146: Table 7.13: Mean Item Score: Field
Page 147 and 148: Research Question One: Do the cogni
Page 149 and 150: token is used, perceptions and beha
Page 151 and 152: would spend it on something special
Page 153 and 154: 8.4: Methodological Contribution Th
Page 155 and 156: 144 � The priming regarding the s
Page 157 and 158: it may be prudent for governments,
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Bechara, A., & Damasio, A. (2005).
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Carruthers, B., & Babb, S. (1996).
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Dohrenwend, B. P., Itzhak Levav, P.
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Garcia-Swartz, D., Hahn, W. R., & L
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Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B
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Kassarjian, H. H. (1977). Content a
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Loix, E. Pepermans, R. Van Hove, L.
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Nielsen Research (2011, August) Nie
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Reimann & Bechara (2009) The somati
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Singh (2004) Impersonalisation of e
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Trent, J. & Smalley, G. (1992) The
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Zelizer, V. (1994). The social mean
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its usage. This in turn points out
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Adam Smith proposed that money is s
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During the 1950s, researchers began
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use of borrowed money. The introduc
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Appendix 2: Projective Tasks- Workb
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TASK THREE For this activity you wi
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TASK SIX Shopping experience using
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Activity Two Tick five traits/chara
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Appendix 3: Moderator Guide When pa
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important. Individual opinions and
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192 Write few sentences describing
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Appendix 5: Projective Tests- Theme
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Appendix 7: Projective Tool (Debit
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