Cash or Card: Consumer Perceptions of Payment Modes - Scholarly ...
Cash or Card: Consumer Perceptions of Payment Modes - Scholarly ...
Cash or Card: Consumer Perceptions of Payment Modes - Scholarly ...
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11 Medicine & wellness/ K First aid, pain relief, sp<strong>or</strong>ts & weight management, health supplements<br />
12 Miscellaneous Items that do not qualify f<strong>or</strong> any specific categ<strong>or</strong>y (e.g. sewing needles)<br />
13 Pet care Dog food, cat food, pet access<strong>or</strong>ies<br />
The product categ<strong>or</strong>ies from a maj<strong>or</strong> super market online p<strong>or</strong>tal were used to establish these coding classifications (see<br />
http://www.foodtown.co.nz/).<br />
A second data set comprised the responses to the PMP scale and demographic inf<strong>or</strong>mation.<br />
To identify the participants who n<strong>or</strong>mally use each payment mode, an item on the PMP scale,<br />
I n<strong>or</strong>mally use cash to pay f<strong>or</strong> my day to day purchases, was used to identify the cash and<br />
card preference, All respondents who noted (1) I agree and (5) I disagree, were identified<br />
and separated to enable comparison.<br />
Preliminary analysis involved descriptive statistics and purchase behaviour across the<br />
payment modes was examined via an Analysis <strong>of</strong> variance, (ANOVA). To determine if there<br />
is a relationship between payment mode perceptions and payment mode choice, fact<strong>or</strong> and<br />
item means were compared via an independent means t-test.<br />
The fact<strong>or</strong>s that are widely understood to affect external validity are sample selection,<br />
pretesting, research setting and multiple treatments on the same sample. In this study<br />
pretesting effects was avoided by using different samples f<strong>or</strong> the pilot study and scale testing.<br />
The study avoided some <strong>of</strong> the issues, but not all related to research task influence.<br />
Participants were not given full details <strong>of</strong> the research, however the supply <strong>of</strong> a shopping<br />
receipt that would be scrutinised may have influenced their shopping behaviour, even though<br />
anonymity was guaranteed. The narrowness <strong>of</strong> the identified population and its coupling<br />
with purposeful sampling together preclude generalisation.<br />
4.7: Summary<br />
This chapter outlines and justifies the approach taken in developing the research design and<br />
describes the rationale f<strong>or</strong> and the procedures used to obtain the final sample selected. It sets<br />
out the data collection modes and analytic approaches adopted. Issues relating to reliability<br />
and validity are discussed and procedures designed to minimise these are described.<br />
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