Cash or Card: Consumer Perceptions of Payment Modes - Scholarly ...

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Exhibit 6.1: Payment Mode Associations Example Quote N Example Quote N Calculated shopping with cash 20 Debit card links over spending 18 Indifferent to cash or debit payment mode 16 Cash is physical and reliable 14 Debit card means savings 14 Debit card encourages spending 13 Money in debit card is numbers and value 13 Money in debit card unreal 11 Cash makes me feel rich and happy 10 Cash is more acceptable 9 Debit card means modern life style 9 Without worry shopping with card 8 Cash is traditional 7 Cash means savings 7 Cash is opportunity & relief 7 Cash limits spending 7 Debit card is safe & secure 6 Debit card –overestimate 6 Breaking $ 100 cash note hurts-pp 2 Cash means unwise spending 5 I hate to check balance 5 Debit card feels less restrictive 5 Cash more control over money 5 Cash reduces the pleasure of shopping 3 Cash is real 3 Smart Card feels lesser value 1 Hurts spending cash 2 People get addicted to swiping card 2 Debit encourage spending on luxury item 13 Debit card dulls the joy of purchase 2 Cash seen as token waiting to be spent 1 Debit card means online shopping 1 Can't keep track of spending with debit card 1 No control over debit card spending 1 Exhibit 6.2: Qualitative Themes Themes Cash – 33 Item Debit Card – 34 Items Positive Emotions 8 8 Money as Gift 3 3 Money Management 5 5 Spending Control 6 6 Behaviour 3 4 Negative Emotions 8 8 An initial pool of 90 items was generated from the 63 themes shown in Exhibit 5.8 and via extra discussion with university students and staff. Some items were removed because of duplication and non relevance. The items were then re-assessed by a panel comprising university students and staff and focus group participants. Focus group members were included as Maxwell (2005:110) recommends “respondent validation to minimise interviewee reactivity”, so items were re-assessed by the focus group participants. This resulted in an initial set of 67 test items (see Exhibit 6.3). . 6.3.2: Pre Test One - Data Preparation Normality of dataset was assessed via skewness and kurtosis. Twenty items out of sixty- seven reveal skewness and 9 items show kurtosis above the normal range exceeding the acceptable level of ± 2 for skewness and ± 3 for kurtosis. Data transformation using square 91
oot (sqrt) was applied to normalize the data. This procedure resulted in normalized data that was suitable for analysis. Hair, Black, Babin, Anderson and Tatham (1998) suggest that when the sample size is more than 80, the effect of non-normality is minimised. After transformation, five items still exceeded the acceptable range, but were retained because the sample size is large enough to offset the effects of non-normality (See Appendix. 4 p.20). Exploratory factor analysis indicate Bartlett’s test and Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy (MSA) test within the acceptable range. The correlations between 67 items were significant at p
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Cash or Card: Consumer Perceptions
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Chapter Four: Research Design and M
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List of Figures Figure 6.1 Sree Plo
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List of Tables Table 6.1. Explorato
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Acknowledgement The research idea i
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Abstract This study examines the co
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the payment mode selected impacts o
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Identifying the exact origin of anc
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1.5: Study Locus and Context The av
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compare participants normal or pref
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Chapter 2 provides a critical revie
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2.2: The Emergence of the Money Con
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commodity (bullion) and issued the
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2.5: Payment Mode and Purchase Beha
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and Belmont (1996) found that resta
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Households’ Spending’ run by th
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students (n=37) were also asked to
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enefit of consumption and the assoc
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associated with the purchase of ple
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A number of explanations for how pa
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2.6.5: Summary As this review of th
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Questions one and two are based on
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and label" events and occurrences,
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Thaler (1998) asserts that mental a
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If this is so then it is the transp
Page 51 and 52: The Chapter contends that the payme
Page 53 and 54: In this chapter, the methodology fo
Page 55 and 56: solid data, the issue of generalisa
Page 57 and 58: the experience. To do this requires
Page 59 and 60: as participants managed to link the
Page 61 and 62: 4.4.2: Participant Selection There
Page 63 and 64: were initially examined via a test-
Page 65 and 66: set, in addition to the payment mod
Page 67 and 68: There are two major validity threat
Page 69 and 70: The Chapter commences by describing
Page 71 and 72: of all three projective tests. A fu
Page 73 and 74: However the negative thoughts diffe
Page 75 and 76: cold. It seems that money in the de
Page 77 and 78: thought the shoe (that was linked t
Page 79 and 80: Exhibit 5.6: Summary of findings $2
Page 81 and 82: denominations ($5, $10). On the oth
Page 83 and 84: Emotions (see Exhibit 5.7g) The mos
Page 85 and 86: � It is just when I can hear coin
Page 87 and 88: � I don’t feel that when I see
Page 89 and 90: Exhibit 5.7 (c) LIQUIDITY � if I
Page 91 and 92: Exhibit 5.8. Quotes for PMP Scale.
Page 93 and 94: 82 Using cash to pay for purchases
Page 95 and 96: 84 Using a debit card to pay for tr
Page 97 and 98: ` 86 If I had a $20 note in my wall
Page 99 and 100: 88 Chapter Six Development and Vali
Page 101: latent variable determines the obse
Page 105 and 106: Exploratory Factor Analysis reveale
Page 107 and 108: 96 Table 6.2: Inter-Item and Item-t
Page 109 and 110: 98 Exhibit 6.5: 49 Item Scale in Pr
Page 111 and 112: 6.4.2: Pre-Test Two - Internal Cons
Page 113 and 114: The 45 items were examined to facto
Page 115 and 116: 6.4.4: Pre Test Two - Final Factor
Page 117 and 118: 6.4.6: Assessing Construct Validity
Page 119 and 120: used to measure individual construc
Page 121 and 122: 110 Exhibit 6.9: Pre-Test Items Rem
Page 123 and 124: Table 6.14: Summary of Final Result
Page 125 and 126: All dimensions (Table 6.16) show AV
Page 127 and 128: 7.1: Chapter Overview 116 Chapter S
Page 129 and 130: Four product categories of househol
Page 131 and 132: Since the use of cash and debit car
Page 133 and 134: 7.4.1.2: Control Group-Test Groups
Page 135 and 136: 7.4.2: Proposition Two Evaluation T
Page 137 and 138: 126 Table 7.8: Indulgence Food Prod
Page 139 and 140: 128 Exhibit 7.2: Proposition Two: E
Page 141 and 142: 130 Table 7.12: Comparisons of Fact
Page 143 and 144: Proposition Two that- where consume
Page 145 and 146: Table 7.13: Mean Item Score: Field
Page 147 and 148: Research Question One: Do the cogni
Page 149 and 150: token is used, perceptions and beha
Page 151 and 152: would spend it on something special
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8.4: Methodological Contribution Th
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144 � The priming regarding the s
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it may be prudent for governments,
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Bechara, A., & Damasio, A. (2005).
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Carruthers, B., & Babb, S. (1996).
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Dohrenwend, B. P., Itzhak Levav, P.
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Garcia-Swartz, D., Hahn, W. R., & L
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Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B
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Kassarjian, H. H. (1977). Content a
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Loix, E. Pepermans, R. Van Hove, L.
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Nielsen Research (2011, August) Nie
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Reimann & Bechara (2009) The somati
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Singh (2004) Impersonalisation of e
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Trent, J. & Smalley, G. (1992) The
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Zelizer, V. (1994). The social mean
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its usage. This in turn points out
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Adam Smith proposed that money is s
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During the 1950s, researchers began
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use of borrowed money. The introduc
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Appendix 2: Projective Tasks- Workb
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TASK THREE For this activity you wi
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TASK SIX Shopping experience using
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Activity Two Tick five traits/chara
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Appendix 3: Moderator Guide When pa
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important. Individual opinions and
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192 Write few sentences describing
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Appendix 5: Projective Tests- Theme
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Appendix 7: Projective Tool (Debit
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