Cash or Card: Consumer Perceptions of Payment Modes - Scholarly ...

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125 Table 7.7: Average Items Bought across Payment Mode N=118 N Mean Spend Std. Deviation Std. Error Cash 52 36 26.3 3.65 Debit 66 46 22.5 2.71 Number of items bought by Payment Mode df One-Way ANOVA F Sig Between Groups 1 4.54 .035 Levene Statistic df1 df2 1 116 0.25 0.62 Levene’s test of homogeneity of variance with p=0.62, indicates the data is suitable for ANOVA analysis (Table 7.7). The result from the One-Way ANOVA indicate that the overall mean number of products purchased in a single transaction is less via cash than via a debit card payment mode, F= 4.54, p=0.035. So Proposition 2b is supported. Examination of proposition 2c: The overall mean amount spent on indulgence food products purchased in a single transaction will be less via cash than via a debit card payment mode. Whilst what is termed ‘indulgence’ food products is determined by individual viewpoints, for this study indulgence foods are categorised as those that, in most instances would be deemed not necessary and within the categories identified in Exhibit 4.3- snack, confectionary and desserts are classified as indulgence foods. As the results in Table 7.8 shows users of debit cards spend more, but do not buy more though the difference is statistically significant. So the support for Proposition 2c is equivocal. One possible explanation could be smaller sample size could have restricted statistical significance.
126 Table 7.8: Indulgence Food Product by Payment Mode N=118 Payment Mode Mean Spend One-Way ANOVA F Sig Snacks ($) Cash (52) $9.3 1.713 0.193 Debit (66) $12.4 Snacks (Qty) Cash (52) 4 0.257 0.613 Debit (66) 4 Confectionary ($) Cash (52) $3.8 1.299 0.257 Debit (66) $6.3 Confectionary (Qty) Cash (52) 0 2.635 0.107 Debit (66) 1 Dessert ($) Cash (52) $1.2 1.134 0.289 Debit (66) $1.9 Dessert (Qty) Cash (52) 1 1.812 0.181 Debit (66) 1 Examination of proposition 2d: The overall amount spent on meals and drinks in a single transaction will be comparatively less via cash than via a debit card payment mode. This proposition suggests that the overall amount spent on food and drink products in a single transaction will be less via cash than via a debit card payment mode. Table 7.8 shows that on average, debit card users spent $10 more on meals than cash users M=98.7. (See Table 7.9) Table 7.9: Food and Drinks by Payment Mode: Average Spend N=118 Payment Mode Mean Spend One-Way ANOVA F Sig Meals ($) Cash (52) $89.2 7.4 0.008 Debit (66) $98.7 Drinks* ($) Cash (52) $7.7 2.6 0.109 Debit (66) $11 The results from the One-Way ANOVA indicate mixed results: The amount spent on meals ANOVA F=7.4, p=0.008, The amount spent on drinks ANOVA F=2.6, p=0.109 So proposition in terms of meals has support, but the drinks category does not.
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Cash or Card: Consumer Perceptions
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Chapter Four: Research Design and M
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List of Figures Figure 6.1 Sree Plo
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List of Tables Table 6.1. Explorato
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Acknowledgement The research idea i
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Abstract This study examines the co
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the payment mode selected impacts o
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Identifying the exact origin of anc
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1.5: Study Locus and Context The av
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compare participants normal or pref
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Chapter 2 provides a critical revie
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2.2: The Emergence of the Money Con
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commodity (bullion) and issued the
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2.5: Payment Mode and Purchase Beha
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and Belmont (1996) found that resta
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Households’ Spending’ run by th
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students (n=37) were also asked to
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enefit of consumption and the assoc
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associated with the purchase of ple
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A number of explanations for how pa
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2.6.5: Summary As this review of th
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Questions one and two are based on
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and label" events and occurrences,
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Thaler (1998) asserts that mental a
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If this is so then it is the transp
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The Chapter contends that the payme
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In this chapter, the methodology fo
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solid data, the issue of generalisa
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the experience. To do this requires
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as participants managed to link the
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4.4.2: Participant Selection There
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were initially examined via a test-
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set, in addition to the payment mod
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There are two major validity threat
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The Chapter commences by describing
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of all three projective tests. A fu
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However the negative thoughts diffe
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cold. It seems that money in the de
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thought the shoe (that was linked t
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Exhibit 5.6: Summary of findings $2
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denominations ($5, $10). On the oth
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Emotions (see Exhibit 5.7g) The mos
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Page 87 and 88: � I don’t feel that when I see
Page 89 and 90: Exhibit 5.7 (c) LIQUIDITY � if I
Page 91 and 92: Exhibit 5.8. Quotes for PMP Scale.
Page 93 and 94: 82 Using cash to pay for purchases
Page 95 and 96: 84 Using a debit card to pay for tr
Page 97 and 98: ` 86 If I had a $20 note in my wall
Page 99 and 100: 88 Chapter Six Development and Vali
Page 101 and 102: latent variable determines the obse
Page 103 and 104: oot (sqrt) was applied to normalize
Page 105 and 106: Exploratory Factor Analysis reveale
Page 107 and 108: 96 Table 6.2: Inter-Item and Item-t
Page 109 and 110: 98 Exhibit 6.5: 49 Item Scale in Pr
Page 111 and 112: 6.4.2: Pre-Test Two - Internal Cons
Page 113 and 114: The 45 items were examined to facto
Page 115 and 116: 6.4.4: Pre Test Two - Final Factor
Page 117 and 118: 6.4.6: Assessing Construct Validity
Page 119 and 120: used to measure individual construc
Page 121 and 122: 110 Exhibit 6.9: Pre-Test Items Rem
Page 123 and 124: Table 6.14: Summary of Final Result
Page 125 and 126: All dimensions (Table 6.16) show AV
Page 127 and 128: 7.1: Chapter Overview 116 Chapter S
Page 129 and 130: Four product categories of househol
Page 131 and 132: Since the use of cash and debit car
Page 133 and 134: 7.4.1.2: Control Group-Test Groups
Page 135: 7.4.2: Proposition Two Evaluation T
Page 139 and 140: 128 Exhibit 7.2: Proposition Two: E
Page 141 and 142: 130 Table 7.12: Comparisons of Fact
Page 143 and 144: Proposition Two that- where consume
Page 145 and 146: Table 7.13: Mean Item Score: Field
Page 147 and 148: Research Question One: Do the cogni
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Page 151 and 152: would spend it on something special
Page 153 and 154: 8.4: Methodological Contribution Th
Page 155 and 156: 144 � The priming regarding the s
Page 157 and 158: it may be prudent for governments,
Page 159 and 160: Bechara, A., & Damasio, A. (2005).
Page 161 and 162: Carruthers, B., & Babb, S. (1996).
Page 163 and 164: Dohrenwend, B. P., Itzhak Levav, P.
Page 165 and 166: Garcia-Swartz, D., Hahn, W. R., & L
Page 167 and 168: Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B
Page 169 and 170: Kassarjian, H. H. (1977). Content a
Page 171 and 172: Loix, E. Pepermans, R. Van Hove, L.
Page 173 and 174: Nielsen Research (2011, August) Nie
Page 175 and 176: Reimann & Bechara (2009) The somati
Page 177 and 178: Singh (2004) Impersonalisation of e
Page 179 and 180: Trent, J. & Smalley, G. (1992) The
Page 181 and 182: Zelizer, V. (1994). The social mean
Page 183 and 184: its usage. This in turn points out
Page 185 and 186: Adam Smith proposed that money is s
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During the 1950s, researchers began
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use of borrowed money. The introduc
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Appendix 2: Projective Tasks- Workb
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TASK THREE For this activity you wi
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TASK SIX Shopping experience using
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Activity Two Tick five traits/chara
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Appendix 3: Moderator Guide When pa
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important. Individual opinions and
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192 Write few sentences describing
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Appendix 5: Projective Tests- Theme
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Appendix 7: Projective Tool (Debit
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