zogadi da araorganuli qimia
zogadi da araorganuli qimia
zogadi da araorganuli qimia
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ZnO � 2NaOH<br />
��<br />
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� Na 2ZnO<br />
2 � H 2O<br />
2<br />
[cyfhib<br />
ZnO � 2NaOH<br />
� H O ��<br />
�� �<br />
yfnhbevbc wbyrfnb<br />
Na<br />
2<br />
Na-bc<br />
ntnhf<br />
Al 2O3<br />
� 2NaOH<br />
� 2NaAlO<br />
2 � H 2O<br />
2<br />
3<br />
Na-bc<br />
vtnffkevby fnb<br />
Al O � 2NaOH<br />
� 3H<br />
O �<br />
Al O � 2NaOH<br />
� 7H<br />
O �<br />
2<br />
3<br />
2<br />
2<br />
2Na<br />
�Zn( OH)<br />
4 �<br />
]blhjmcbwbyrfnb<br />
�Al( OH)<br />
�<br />
4<br />
Na-bc<br />
ntnhf ]blhjmcb fkevbyfnb<br />
2Na<br />
�Al( OH)<br />
( H O)<br />
�<br />
4 2 2<br />
Na-bc<br />
lbfrdfntnh f]blhjmcb fkevbyfnb<br />
jmcblt,bc uhfabrekb ajhvekt,b<br />
Na 2 O CaO Al 2 O 3 SO 3<br />
Na \<br />
/ O<br />
Na<br />
Ca = O<br />
O<br />
O<br />
\ \ //<br />
P_O_P<br />
P O // \ \<br />
2 5 O<br />
O<br />
O<br />
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Al<br />
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S �� O<br />
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v;fdf tojlt,f bcts hsek ybdsbtht,fc= hjvkbc vjktrekf<br />
itlut,f kbsjybc fnjvbs xfyfwdkt,bc eyfhbc vmjyt o'fk,flbc<br />
fnjvbcf lf v;fdfc yfisbcufy\ v;fdfc yfisb tojlt,f v;fdfib<br />
o'fk,flbc fnjvt,sfy ,vek fnjvc fy fnjvsf /ueac\ vfc fmdc<br />
efh'jabsb ;fyudbsb [fhbc[b lf bub njkbf o'fk,flbc fnjvsf<br />
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itlutybkj,bc vb[tldbs fhxtdty ;fyu,flbfy lf e;fyu,flj<br />
v;fdt,c\ e;fyu,flj v;fdt,bf| HF, HCl, HBr, HI, H 2 S lf f\i\ ;fyu,flbfyb<br />
v;fdt,bf| H 2 CO 3 , HNO 3 , H 3 PO 4 , H 2 SO 4 lf f\i\<br />
v;fdt,c ufyfc[dfdt,ty fuhtsdt ae.bfyj,bc lf cb.kbthbc<br />
vb[tldbs\<br />
xdtekt,hbd gbhj,t,ib v;fdt,b fy cbs[tf (H 2 SO 4 , HNO 3 , HBr<br />
lf f\i\)= fy v'fhb ybdsbtht,f (H 3 PO 4 , H 2 SiO 3 , H 3 BO 3 ).<br />
v;fdt,bc cf[tkojlt,f<br />
;fyu,flbfyb v;fdt,bc cf[tkojlt,f bofhvjt,f fhfkbsjybc cf-<br />
[tkojlt,bcfufy cbn'df o'fk,flbc lfvfnt,bs| HF _ asjho'fk-<br />
,flv;fdf= fye vkqj,b v;fdf+ HCl _ mkjho'fk,flv;fdf= fye vfhbkv;fdf+<br />
HBr _ ,hjvo'fk,flv;fdf+ HI _ bjlo'fk,flv;fdf+ H 2 S _<br />
ujubhlo'fk,flv;fdf\<br />
;fyu,flbfyb v;fdfc cf[tkojlt,f ofhvjlut,f v;fdfc ofhvjvmvytkb<br />
tktvtynbc cf[tkojlt,bcfufy= vfu\= H 2 CO 3 _ yf[ibhv;fdf\<br />
vfuhfv se tktvtynb thsb lf bubdt ;fyudbc [fhbc[bs ofhvjmvybc<br />
hfvltybvt ;fyu,flbfy v;fdfc= hjvkt,bw thsvfytsbcufy o'fk,flbcf<br />
lf ;fyu,flbc fnjvsf hbw[dbs ufyc[dfdlt,f= vfiby ;fyu,flbc lf<br />
o'fk,flbc fnjvbc yfrkt,b hbw[dbc itvwdtkb v;fdfc cf[tkojlt,fc<br />
tvfnt,f ghtabmcb @vtnf#+ vtnb hb[wdbc itvwdtkc _ @jhsj#\<br />
vfu\| HPO 3 _ vtnfajcajhv;fdf lf H 3 PO 4 _ jhsjajc-<br />
24 25
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