zogadi da araorganuli qimia

ufvj'tyt,f\ ^^f /ueabc tktvtynt,b ufvj'btyt,f 'dtkf cathjib\
,thbkbevc b'tyt,ty fnjveh htfmnjht,ib\ vfuybevc b'tyt,ty
c[dflfc[df ityflyj,t,ib= gbhjntmybrfib= jhufyek cbystpib=
[cyflb fyjlbc lfcfvpflt,kfl= tktmnhjmbvbeh lfvwfdfl
rjhjpbbc cfobyffqvltujl\ rfkwbevbc yfthst,bc evtntcj,f ufvjb'tyt,f
cfvityt,kj ghfmnbrfib (CaO, Ca(OH) , CaCO ;
2 3
CaSO . 0,5H2O _ fkt,fcnhb), vtlbwbyfib (CaCl ; CaSO . 2H2O _
4
2 4
sf,fibhb+)\
^^^ /ueabc p-tktvtynt,b
vtyltkttdbc gthbjlekb cbcntvbc ^^^ f /ueabc tktvtynt,bf|
,jhb _ B= fkevbyb _ Al= ufkbevb _ Ga= bylbevb _ In,
sfkbev _ Tl\ fv tktvtynt,blfy ,jhb fhfkbsjybf\ vbcb ]blhjmcblb
_ B(OH) 3 cecnb v;fdehb sdbct,t,bs [fcbfslt,f\ fkevbyb=
ufkbevb= bylbevb _ fvajnthekb kbsjyt,bf\ vfsb itcf,fvbcb
]blhjmcblt,b fvajnthekbf\ fvajnthj,f rkt,ekj,c Al-lfy
In-rty\ sfkbevb fh ofhvjmvybc cfvdfktynbfy ]blhjmcblc\ TlOH
_ .kbthb nentf\
fkevbyb _ Al\ fv tktvtynib cfdfktynj tktmnhjyt,b vjsfdct,ekbf
3s2sp1 mdtljytt,pt\ ,eyt,fib ufdhwtkt,bc vb[tldbs
bub vtjs[t tktvtynbf\ evsfdhtcfl fkevbycbkbrfnt,bc cf[bs fhbc
ufdhwtkt,ekb\ fkevbybc yfthst,blfy vybdiytljdfybf Al O _ rj-
2 3
heylb\ (c[dflfc[df vbyfhtdt,bs itathbkb rjheylb ud[dlt,f
.dbhafcb mdt,bc cf[bs| kfkb (mhjvbc vbyfhtdbs)= cfabhjyb (nbnfybc
lf hrbybc vbyfhtdbs))+ ,jmcbnt,b _ Al O . 2H2O= rhbjkbsb
2 3
_ Na [AlF ]= stshb sb[f _ Al (Si O )(OH) \
3 6 2 2 5 4
vbqt,f\ ntmybrfib fkevbyc qt,ekj,ty rhbjkbsib Na 3 [AlF 6 ]ib
uf[cybkb fkevbybc jmcblbc (Al 2 O 3 ) tktmnhjkbpbs\rfsjlpt
ufvjb'jaf ceasf fkevbyb= [jkj fyjlpt lfb;fyut,f ;fyu,flb\
sdbct,t,b\ fkevbyb vjdthw[kbcahj-stshb athbc ztlflb
kbsjybf\ bub rfhub cbs,j- lf tktmnhjufvnfhbf\
]fthpt fkevbyb vluhflbf= hfw ufvjodtekbf vfcpt jmcblbc
lfvwfdb atybc fhct,j,bs (nAl O . mH2O)\ 2 3
vfqfk ntvgthfnehfpt fkevbyb vjmvtlt,c o'kbc jhsmksfy|
2Al+3H O�Al O +3H 2 2 3 2
vfqfk ntvgthfnehfpt ethslt,f|
;fyu,flc _ 4Al + 3O � 2Al O =
2 2 3
ujubhlc _ 2A l+ 3S � Al S = 2 3
fpjnc _ 2Al + N � 2AlN
2
mkjhc lf ,hjvc ethslt,f xdtekt,hbd ntvgthfnehfpt\
htfmwbfib eiefkjl fh itlbc o'fk,flsfy\
fkevbyc fmdc jhudfhb ,eyt,f (fvajnthekbf)\ b[cyt,f cfiefkj
rjywtynhfwbbc v;fdt,ib|
2Al + 6HNO � Al(NO ) + 3NO + 3H O
3 3 3 2 2
2Al + 6H SO � Al (SO ) + 3SO + 6H O
2 4 2 4 3 2 2
rfhufl b[cyt,f nentt,ibw|
2Al + 2NaOH + 10H O � 2Na[Al(OH) (H O) ] + 3H 2 4 2 2 2
fkevbyb ofhvjmvybc o'fk,flyfthsc _ AlH lf ;fyu,flyf-
3
thscfw _ Al O \ 2 3
Al 2 O 3 _ fkevbybc jmcblb= bctdt= hjujhw fkevbyb= fvajnthekbf\
vbcb vbqt,f itb.kt,f fkevbybc ;fyu,flsfy eiefkj itthst,bs
fy fkevbybc ]blhjmcblbc _ Al(OH) 3 -bc lfikbs|
2Al(OH) 3 � Al 2 O 3 + 3H 2 O
fkevbybc ]blhjmcblb _ Al(OH) 3 o'fkib e[cyflb= fvajnthekb
ae.tf\ vbcb vbqt,f itb.kt,f itcf,fvbc vfhbkpt nenbc vjmvtlt,bs\
Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 + 6NaOH � 2Al(OH) 3�� + 3Na 2 SO 4
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