zogadi da araorganuli qimia
zogadi da araorganuli qimia
zogadi da araorganuli qimia
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jmcblb lf ]blhjmcblb\ yfnhbevb ofhvjmvybc ae.t jmcblc<br />
Na 2 O lf nentc NaOH (rfecnbrehb cjlf)\ cfvhtodtkj [th[bs<br />
vbcb vbqt,f itb.kt,f NaCl o'fk[cyfhbc tktmnhjkbpbs|<br />
NaCl � Na � Cl<br />
H2O � �<br />
K _ _<br />
2H O � 2e � H � 2OH<br />
A +<br />
2 2<br />
� 0<br />
2Cl � 2e � Cl2<br />
tktmnhkbpb<br />
2 2 2<br />
2NaCl � 2H O ����� � 2NaOH<br />
� H � Cl<br />
fy nentt,bc vbqt,bc cfthsj [th[bs _ itcf,fvbc vfhbkpt<br />
c[df nenbc lfvfnt,bs\ v[tldtkj,fib eylf vbdbqjs= hjv ufvj'jabkb<br />
vfhbkb eylf b'jc e[cyflb|<br />
Na CO � Ca( OH) � CaCO � � NaOH<br />
2 3 2 3 2<br />
kf,jhfnjhbfib vbcb vbqt,f itb.kt,f|<br />
kbsjybc o'fkib uf[cybs| 2Na � 2H O � 2NaOH<br />
� H �<br />
2 2<br />
jmcblbc o'fkib uf[cybs| Na 2O � H 2O � 2NaOH<br />
]blhblbc o'fkib uf[cybs| 2NaH� H2O�<br />
2NaOH�<br />
H2<br />
gthjmcblbc o'fkib uf[cybs| Na 2O 2 � H 2O � 2NaOH<br />
� O<br />
sdbct,t,b\ stshb athbc .kbth ]buhjcrjgekb ybdsbtht,ff\<br />
bub ]fthblfy isfysmfdc yf[ihjh;fyuc= fvbnjv eylf itdbyf[js<br />
lf[ehek zehztkib\ NaOH rfhufl b[cyt,f o'fkib\ nenbc<br />
fqvjxtyf itb.kt,f eathj atyjkanfktbybs ([cyfhb itbatht,f<br />
;jkjcahfl) fy obstkb kfrvecbs ([cyfhb ufkeh/lt,f)\<br />
NaOH vjmvtlt,c v;fdtt,sfy (ytbnhfkbpfwbbc htfmwbf)|<br />
NaOH � HCl � NaCl � H 2O<br />
v;fdf jmcblt,sfy|<br />
NaOH � CO 2 � NaHCO 3<br />
2NaOH � CO 2 � Na 2CO 3 �<br />
H 2O<br />
vfhbkt,sfy|<br />
CuSO � 2NaOH<br />
� Cu( OH) � Na SO<br />
fvajnthek kbsjyt,sfy|<br />
124 125<br />
4 2 2 4<br />
2<br />
�Al( OH)<br />
4(<br />
H2O)<br />
2�<br />
3H2<br />
2Al � 2NaOH�<br />
10H<br />
O � 2Na<br />
�<br />
]fkjutyt,sfy|<br />
Cl 2 � 2NaOH<br />
� NaCl � NaClO � H2<br />
wbdb<br />
kf, fhrbc o'fkb<br />
yfnhbevbc yfthst,blfy vybidytkjdfybf|<br />
NaHCO 3 _ yfnhbevbc ]blhjrfh,jyfnb= fye cfcvtkb cjlf\<br />
vfc qt,ekj,ty cjkdtc [th[bs |<br />
NaCl � H 2O � NH 3 � CO 2 � NaHCO 3 � NH4Cl Na CO _ rfkwbybht,ekb cjlf= Na CO . 10H2O _<br />
2 3 2 3<br />
rhbcnfkehb cjlf\ vbcb vbqt,f itb.kt,f NaHCO -bc _ yfnhbevbc<br />
3<br />
]blhjrfh,jyfnbc uf[eht,bs|<br />
2NaHCO 3 � Na 2CO 3 � H 2O<br />
+CO 2<br />
ufvj'tyt,f\ nent kbsjyt,blfy Li lf Na yfthst,b lbl hjkc<br />
fchekt,c wjw[fk jhufybpvib vbvlbyfht ghjwtct,ib\ kbsbevb<br />
.bhbsflfl flfvbfybc reyst,ibf= lbl ufdktyfc f[ltyc jhufybpvib<br />
yfnhbevbc lf rfkbevbc bjyt,bc nhfycgjhnbht,fib\ Na + lf K +<br />
bjyt,b ythdekb bvgekct,bc uflfvnfybf\ itlbc pjubthsb athvtynbc<br />
itvflutykj,fib\<br />
NaOH _ yfnhbevbc nent ufvjb'tyt,f wtkekjpbc= cfgybc<br />
ofhvjt,fib= o'kbc cb[bcnbc vjcfcgj,fl\<br />
O
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