zogadi da araorganuli qimia

yf[ibh,flbc fnjvbc tktmnhjyekb ajhvekf fhbc _ 6 C _
1s 2 2s 2 2p 2 \ cfdfktynj tktmnhjyt,b vjsfdct,ekbf 2s 2 2p 2 mdtlj-
2 s
2p
ytpt _ ������ � � \ t\b\ fmdc jhb ufeo'dbkt,tkb tktmnhjyb
(jhdfktynbfyb yfthst,b) fupyt,ek vlujvfhtj,fib yf[ibh,flbc
fnjvc ite.kbf 2s-mdtljyblfy thsb tktmnhjyb uflfbnfyjc 2p-
mdtljytpt= hbc itltuflfw vfc ufe[lt,f js[b ufeo'dbkt,tkb
2 s 2p
tktmnhjyb _ ����� �� ��� � � �\
fv itvs[dtdfib bub js[dfktynbfybf\
yf[ibh,flbc yt,bcvbthb fkjnhjgbekb vjlbabrfwbf xdtekt,hbd
gbhj,t,ib bythnekbf\ fmnbehlt,f v[jkjl vfqfk ntvgthfnehfpt\
bub .kbthb fqvlutybf\ tc sdbct,f ufvj'tyt,ekbf
vtnfkehubfib\
yf[ibh,flbc fnjvt,c fmdc thsvfytssfy itthst,bc eyfhb\ fv
sdbct,fv ufyfgbhj,f efvhfdb jhufyekb yfthsbc ofhvjmvyf\
yf[ibh,flbc o'fk,flyfthst,b| yf[ibh,flb o'fk,flsfy ofhvjmvybc
vhfdfkhbw[jdfy yfthsc\ vjktrekfib o'fk,flbc lf yf[ibh,flbc
fnjvt,bc sfyfafhlj,bc vb[tldbs= bcbyb itb.kt,f hfvltybvt
/ueafl lfd'js|
yf/thb yf[ibho'fk,flt,b _ C H n 2n+2
e/thb (tsbktybc hbubc) yf[ibho'fk,flt,b _ C H n 2n
e/thb (fwtnbktybc hbubc) yf[ibho'fk,flt,b) _ C H \
n 2n _ 2
yf[ibho'fk,flt,b ofhvjmvybc ]jvjkjubeh hbuc= cflfw sbsjtekb
otdhb vjvltdyj otdhbcufy ufyc[dfdlt,f _ CH /ueabs\
2
CH -c ]jvjkjubehb c[dfj,f tojlt,f\
2
yf[ibho'fk,flt,blfy 'dtkfpt vtnfl wyj,bkbf _ vtsfyb=
tsbktyb= fwtnbktyb\
vtsfyb _ CH yf/thb yf[ibho'fk,flt,bc gbhdtkb ofhvj-
4
vflutytkbf\ ,eyt,hbdb fbht,b .bhbsflfl vtsfybcufy itlut,f\ bub
eathj= eceyj= o'fkib sbsmvbc e[cyflb yfthsbf\ vtsfyb .bhbsflfl
ufvjb'tyt,f cfodfdfl\ ]fthpt bodbc wbcathb fkbs\
CH + 2O �� CO + 2H O
4 2 2 2
tsbktyb _ C 2 H 4 e/thb yf[ibho'fk,flbf\ bub cfcbfvjdyj
ceybc cecnb fbhbf\ o'fkib rfhufl b[cyt,f\ ufvjb'tyt,f .bhbsflfl
ntmybrehb tsbkbc cgbhnbc vbcfqt,fl\
fwtnbktyb _ C 2 H 2 eathj= vjvofvkfdb fbhbf\ fwtnbktybc
vbqt,f itb.kt,f rfkwbevbc rfh,blpt o'kbc vjmvtlt,bs|
CaC 2 + 2H 2 O �� Ca(OH) 2 + C 2 H 2
]fthsfy lf ;fyu,flsfy fwtnbktybc yfhtdb .kbth atsmt,flbf\
]fthpt bodbc zdfhnkbfyb fkbs|
C 2 H 2 + 2,5 O 2 ��2CO 2 + H 2 O + 151 r/jekb
hflufy fwtnbktybc odbcfc lbl.fkb cbs,j ufvjb'jaf= fvbnjv
vfy afhsj ufvj'tyt,f vjbgjdf ntmybrfib _ evsfdhtcfl kbsjyt,bc
fdnjutyehb itleqt,bc lhjc\ fwtnbktyblfy vpfllt,f .vfhv;fdf\
ufvjb'tyt,f fuhtsdt cbystpehb rfexerbc ofhvjt,bcsdbc\
rfh,blt,b tojlt,f yf[ibh,flbc yfthst,c kbsjyt,sfy= ,jhsfy
lf cbkbwbevsfy\ rfh,blt,b b'jaf cfv /ueafl _ bjyeh= rjdfktyneh
lf bynthvtnfkehfl\ vfs ijhbc vybidytkjdfybf rfkwbevbc
rfh,blb= hjvtkbw bjyeh rfh,blt,c vbtresdyt,f\ fv nbgbc
rfh,blt,c fwtnbktyblt,cfw eojlt,ty= hflufy o'fksfy vfsb
ehsbthsmvtlt,bc itltufl vbbqt,f fwtnbktyb|
CaC 2 + 2H 2 O �� Ca(OH) 2 + C 2 H 2
rfkwbevbc rfh,blb vbbqt,f tktmnhek qevtkib rbhbcf lf
yf[ibhbc yfhtdbc .kbthb uf[eht,bs
CaO + 3C ��CaC 2 + CO
bjyeh rfh,blt,c vbtresdyt,f vtsfyjutyehb rfh,blt,b= hjvkt,bcufyfw
ofhvjbmvyt,f vtsfyb\
Al 4 C 3 + 12H 2 O �� 2Al(OH) 3 + 3CH 4
rjdfktyneh rfh,blt,c vbtresdyt,f ,jhbc rfh,blb (B 4 C) lf
cbkbwbevbc rfh,blb (SiC)\ bcbyb cbvfuhbs fkvfcc ef[kjdlt,bfy\
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