zogadi da araorganuli qimia
zogadi da araorganuli qimia
zogadi da araorganuli qimia
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jhlbyfnsf qth.pt uflfpjvbkbf cbcntvbc gjntywbfkehb<br />
tythubf= [jkj f,cwbcsf qth.pt htfmwbbc rjhlbyfnf= fye htfmwbbc<br />
upf\ htfmwbf vbvlbyfhtj,c itvltuyfbhfl| fmnbehb H 2 lf J 2<br />
vjktrekt,b lf/f[t,bcfc ofhvjmvybfy iefktleh fmnbeh rjvgktmcc<br />
H 2 ....J 2 \ fv rjvgktmcib H_J rfdibhb ofhvjbmvyt,f H_H lf<br />
J_J rfdibht,bc ufo'dtnbc gfhfktkehfl\<br />
H H<br />
I I<br />
H - - - - - H<br />
- - - -<br />
I - - - - - - - - - - - - - I<br />
fmnbehb rjvgktmcb<br />
H 2 - - - - - I 2<br />
fv uflf/ueat,bc itltufl ofhvjmvybk fmnbeh rjvgktmcib<br />
fmnbdfwbbc tythubf eahj vwbhtf= dblht cfo'bc vjktrekt,ib<br />
rfdibhbc vskbfyb ufo'dtnbcfsdbc cfzbhj tythubf\ tyljsthvekb<br />
lfikbc htfmwbbcsdbc 2HJ(fbhb) �� H 2(fbhb) + J 2(fbhb) �H = 175<br />
r/jekb= htfmwbbc upf bmyt,f it,heyt,ekb\ cfo'bc lf cf,jkjj<br />
ljytt,c ijhbc c[dfj,f fhbc htfmwbbc cbs,ehb tatmnb �H\<br />
rfnfkbpfnjhbc ufdktyf\ rfnfkbpfnjhb fhbc ybdsbtht,f=<br />
hjvtkbw wdkbc htfmwbbc cbxmfhtc lf cf,jkjj ghjlemnbc itvflutykj,fib<br />
fh itlbc\ htfmwbt,c= hjvkt,bw vbvlbyfhtj,c rfnfkbpfnjhbc<br />
sfy[kt,bs= rfnfkbpehb htfmwbt,b tojlt,f\<br />
rfnfkbpfnjhb fhbc jhudfhb| lflt,bsb _ fxmfht,c htfmwbbc<br />
cbxmfhtc lf efh'jabsb _ fvwbht,c htfmwbbc cbxmfhtc\ fv<br />
erfyfcrytkbc vfufkbsbf ,typbypt hrbybc rfh,jybkbc lfvfnt,f=<br />
hfw fvwbht,c fatsmt,bc itcf.kt,kj,fc\<br />
ufydb[bkjs lflt,bsb rfnfkbpbc vfufkbst,b\<br />
rfnfkbpfnjhb ths-ths vjhtfubht ybdsbtht,fcsfy itlbc<br />
htfmwbfib= ofhvjmvybc iefktleh ghjlemnc= hjvkbc cfiefkt-<br />
,bsfw cf,jkjj ghjlemnb eahj fldbkfl vbbqt,f\ rfnfkbpfnjhb<br />
fvwbht,c fmnbdfwbbc tythubfcfw\<br />
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rfnfkbpfnjhbc vjmvtlt,f itb.kt,f itvltuyfbhfl ufvjdcf[js|<br />
A + B = AB A + K = AK AK + B = AB + K<br />
vfufkbsfl= SO 2 -bc lf;fyudf SO 3 -fl\ rfnfkbpfnjhbf NO 2 \<br />
SO 2 + 1/2O 2 = SO 3 \<br />
sfdlfgbhdtkfl SO 2 + NO 2 = SO 3 + NO<br />
itvltu rb NO + 1/2O 2 = NO 2<br />
rfnfkbpehb htfmwbt,b b'jaf jh /ueafl _ ]jvjutyehfl<br />
lf ]tnthjutyekfl\<br />
]jvjutyehb rfnfkbpbc lhjc _ rfnfkbpfnjhb lf vjhtfubht<br />
ybdsbtht,t,b ths afpfibf (fbhflb fy s[tdflb)\ ]tnthjutyekb<br />
rfnfkbpbc lhjc rfnfkbpfnjhb fhbc lfvjerblt,tk<br />
(v'fh) afpfib\ vjhtfubht ybdsbtht,t,cf lf rfnfkbpfnjhc ijhbc<br />
htfmwbf vbvlbyfhtj,c rfnfkbpfnjhbc ptlfgbhpt\<br />
rfnfkbpfnjht,b [ibhfl cgtwbabrehfl vjmvtlt,c\ vfufkbsfl=<br />
tsbkbc cgbhnbc lt]blhfnfwbbc lhjc rfnfkbpfnjhbc<br />
nbgbc vb[tldbs itb.kt,f vbdbqjs c[dflfc[df ghjlemnb\<br />
Al 2O3 C2H 5OH<br />
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� C2H<br />
4 � H 2O<br />
H 3PO4 2C2H 5OH<br />
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C2H<br />
5 ) 2O<br />
� H2O<br />
Cu<br />
C2H 5OH<br />
���<br />
CH 3CHO<br />
�<br />
84 85<br />
H<br />
mbvbehb ojyfcojhj,f lf<br />
vfcpt vjmvtlb afmnjht,b<br />
mbvbehb htfmwbt,bc evtntcj,f itmwtdflbf\ hjltcfw gbhlfgbhb<br />
lf it,heyt,ekb htfmwbbc cbxmfhtt,b thsyfbhbf= vfiby<br />
v'fhlt,f ojyfcojhj,f\ vfufkbsfl= htfmwbfib H 2 + J 2 � 2HJ gbhlfgbhb<br />
htfmwbbc cbxmfht njkbf| V 1 = k 1 [H 2 ][J 2 ]= [jkj it,heyt,ekb<br />
htfmwbbc cbxmfht V 2 = k 2 [HJ] 2 \ hflufyfw V 1 = V 2 lf K 1<br />
lf K 2 velvbdb cblbltt,bf= vfsb afhlj,fw bmyt,f velvbdb\<br />
2
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