zogadi da araorganuli qimia

o'fk,flb ajcajhsfy lfrfdibht,ekbf tktmnhjdfktynehfl=
vtcfvt rb _ rjdfktynehfl\
H \
H_O
P
/
// O
\ O_H
H 3 PO 3 -bc vfhbkt,c tojlt,f ajcabnt,b\ fctsbf vfufkbsfl=
yfnhbevbc ajcabnb _ Na 2 HPO 3 \
P O _ stshb= rhbcnfkehb ybdsbtht,ff\ o'fkib rfhufl
2 4
b[cyt,f lf ofhvjmvybc jh v;fdfc| ajcajhjdfy v;fdfc (H PO ) lf
3 3
ajcajhv;fdfc (H PO )\ 3 4
P O + 3H O �� H PO + H3PO 2 4 2 3 3
4
fv htfmwbbc vb[tldbs itb.kt,f lfdfcrdyfs= hjv P O -ib
2 4
thsb ajcajhbc ;fyudbc hbw[db fhbc +3= [jkj vtjhtcb _ +5\
3 � // O
O P O P
\ \ O
� 5
� _ _
P O _ ajcajhbc fy]blhblb vbbqt,f stshb ajcajhbc odbs|
2 5
4P + 5O �� 2P O 2 5
bub .kbth ]buhjcrjgekbf _ fpjnv;fdfc lf ujubhlv;fdfcfw
rb fhsvtdc o'fkc\ ]fthpt ,jkfdc= rfhufl b[cyt,f o'fkib\ o'kbc
c[dflfc[df hfjltyj,bc itcf,fvbcfl ofhvjmvybc c[dflfc[df v;fdfc|
P O + H O �� 2HPO vtnfajcajhv;fdf
2 5 2 3
P O + 2H O �� H P O gbhjajcajhv;fdf
2 5 2 4 2 7
P O + 3H O �� 2H PO jhsjajcajhv;fdf
2 5 2 3 4
ajcajhbc (&)-bc v;fdt,blfy 'dtkfpt vybidytkjdfybf jhsjajcajhv;fdf\
bub vbqt,f ajcajhbc uf[eht,bs fpjnv;fdfcsfy|
3P + 5HNO 3 + 2H 2 O �� 5NO + 3H 3 PO 4
ntmybrehb vbpyt,bcsdbc qt,ekj,ty rfkwbevbc ajcafnpt
ufypfdt,ekb ujubhlv;fdbc vjmvtlt,bs|
Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 + 3H 2 SO 4 �� 3CaSO 4 + 2H 3 PO 4
jhsjajcajhv;fdf cfiefkj cb.kbthbc cfvae.bfyb v;fdff|
H PO � ��H 3 4 + _ + H PO 2 4
_ H PO 2 4
_2 HPO4 152 153
� ��H+ _2 + HPO4 �� H+ _3 + PO4 ofhvjmvybc cfvb cf[bc vfhbkt,c|
NaOH + H3PO 4 � NaH 2PO
4 + H2O
yfnhbevbc
lb]blhjajcafnb
2NaOH + H3PO
4 � Na2HPO
4 + 2H
2O
yfnhbevbc
]blhjajcafnb
3NaOH + H3PO
4 � Na3PO
4 + 3H
2O
yfnhbevbc
ajcafnb
'dtkf thsxfyfwdkt,ekb ajcafnb o'fkib [cyflbf= jh lf
cfvxfyfwdkt,ekb ajcafnt,blfy o'fkib [cyflb v[jkjl nent
kbsjyt,bc vfhbkt,bf\
ajcafnbjybc fqvjxtyf itb.kt,f dthw[kbc ybnhfnbc o'fk-
[cyfhbs|
3Na 3 PO 4 + 2AgNO 3 �� 3NaNO 3 + Ag 3 PO 4�
fv htfmwbbc lhjc ufvjb'jaf 'dbstkb athbc dthw[kbc ajcafnbc
yfktmb\
HPO 3 _ vtnfajcajhv;fdf v'fhb= vbybct,hb vfcff= o'fkib
rfhufl b[cyt,f\ leqbkbcfc uflflbc jhsjajcajhv;fdfib\
HPO 3 + H 2 O �� H 3 PO 4
cfcemt,b\ vwtyfhbc phlbcf lf ufydbsfht,bcfsdbc fewbkt-
,tkbf ajcajhb\ bub ybflfuib itfmds ajcajhjdfyb cfcemt,bc cf-
[bs\
1\ vfhnbdb cegthajcafnb _ vbbqt,f rfkwbevbc ajcafnbc
lf ujubhlv;fdbc vjmvtlt,bs|