zogadi da araorganuli qimia
zogadi da araorganuli qimia
zogadi da araorganuli qimia
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,) Ni(NO 3 ) 2 -bc o'fk[cyfhbc tktmnhjkbpb|<br />
Ni( NO ) � Ni � 2NO<br />
3 2<br />
H2O 2�<br />
�<br />
3<br />
K _ �<br />
Ni � 2e<br />
� Ni<br />
2 0<br />
0<br />
2 2<br />
2H O � 2e � H � 2OH<br />
+ A 2H2O � 4e � O2 � 4H<br />
u) CuCl 2 -bc o'fk[cyfhbc tktmnhjkbpb|<br />
CuCl � Cu � 2Cl<br />
K _<br />
A +<br />
H O 2<br />
2<br />
2�<br />
�<br />
�<br />
Cu � 2e<br />
� Cu<br />
2 0<br />
� 0<br />
2Cl � 2e � Cl2<br />
tktmnhjkbpb [cyflb fyjlbs<br />
fmfvlt xdty ufydb[bkts ghjwtcb= hjvtkbw vbvlbyfhtj,lf<br />
e[cyflb fyjlbs (yf[ibhbc= gkfnbybc= bhblbevbc= nfynfkbc tktmnhjlt,b)\<br />
tktmnhjkbpbc ghjwtcb itb.kt,f vbvlbyfhtj,ltc<br />
[cyflb fyjlbs (ufycfresht,ekfl ceasf kbsjybc vbcfqt,fl)\<br />
[cyfl fyjlfl itb.kt,f ufvj'tyt,ekb b'jc cgbkty.b= ybrtkb=<br />
rflvbevb= fkevbyb lf c[df\ [cyflb fyjlbs vbvlbyfht tktmnhjkbpbc<br />
lhjc fyjlb b;fyut,f (b[cyt,f)= bub [cyfhib uflflbc rfsbjyt,bc<br />
cf[bs\ rfsjlpt vj[lt,f vbcb fqlutyf\ vfu\= CuSO 4 -bc<br />
o'fk[cyfhbc tktmnhjkbpbc lhjc= [cyflb cgbkty.bc fyjlbs<br />
[lt,f itvltub ghjwtcb|<br />
K _<br />
A +<br />
0 2<br />
Cu � 2e<br />
� Cu<br />
� ;fyudf<br />
2� 0<br />
Cu � 2e<br />
� Cu fqlutyf<br />
�<br />
�<br />
tktmnhjmbvbehb rjhjpbf<br />
kbsjyt,bc rjhjpbf fhbc vfsb ptlfgbhbc lfpbfyt,f tktmnhjmbvbehb<br />
ptvjmvtlt,bc ufvj\ bub ofhvjbmvyt,f vfiby= hjltcfw<br />
kbsjyb eiefkj rfdibhibf tktmnhjkbnsfy\ tktmnhjmbvbehb<br />
rjhjpbbc lhjc kbsjybc ptlfgbhpt vbvlbyfhtj,c thslhjekfl<br />
jhb ghjwtcb| kbsjybc ;fyudf _ fyjlehb ghjwtcb=<br />
M ne M n<br />
0 � � �<br />
lf v;fyufdbc fqlutyf (vfu\| ;fyu,flb fy o'fk,flbc rfsbjyb) _<br />
rfsjyehb ghjwtcb|<br />
114 115<br />
�<br />
O 2H O � 4e � 4OH<br />
(;fyu,flehb rjhjpbf)<br />
2 2<br />
�<br />
2H O � 2e � H � 2H<br />
O (o'fk,flehb rjhjpbf)<br />
3 2 2<br />
;fyu,flehb rjhjpbf vbvlbyfhtj,c ytbnhfkeh fy nent ufhtvjib=<br />
o'fk,flehb _ v;fdf ufhtvjib\<br />
tktmnhjkbnb itb.kt,f b'jc o'fkb\ ceasf o'fkb welb<br />
tktmnhjufvnfhbf\ vbcufy ufyc[dfdt,bs= fnvjcathekb o'fkb=<br />
vfcib uf[cybkb c[dflfc[df fbht,bc ufvj (CO 2 , SO 2 )= rfhub tktmnhjufvnfhbf\<br />
rjhjpbfc ufycfresht,bs rfhu ufhtvjc emvybc jhb c[dflfc[df<br />
gjntywbfkbc vmjyt kbsjybc rjynfmnb\ fcts itvs[dtdfib<br />
efh'jabsb gjntywbfkbc vmjyt kbsjybc rjhjpbf bphlt,f= eahj<br />
lf,fkb gjntywbfkbc vmjyt kbsjybc rjhjpbf rb ytklt,f\<br />
fcts rjhjpbfc tojlt,f rjynfmnehb\ vfu\= ufydb[bkjs hrbybc<br />
lf cgbkty.bc o'dbkbc rjhjpbf= fnvjcathekb o'kbc ufdktybs<br />
(vfcib uf[cybkb fnvjcathekb ;fyu,flbs)\ hrbyf b;fyut,f<br />
0 2<br />
Fe � 2e<br />
� Fe<br />
�<br />
ufysfdbceakt,ekb tktmnhjyt,b fqflutyty ;fyu,flc ]blhjmcblbjyfvlt|<br />
O � 2H O � 4e � 4OH<br />
2 2<br />
�
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