SFDB 1\ MBVBBC >BHBSFLB WYT
mbvbehb tktvtynb fnjvsf 'jdtk ufhrdtek cf[tc mbvbehb tktvtynb tojlt,f\ fnjvbc .bhbsfl mbvbeh vf[fcbfst,tkc ofhvjflutyc fnjv,bhsdbc lflt,bsb ve[nb= hjvtkbw hbw[j,hbdfl njkbf tktvtynbc hbuj,hbdb yjvhbcf gthbjlek cbcntvfib= fvbnjv sfyfvtlhjdt ufyvfhnt,bs= mbvbehb tktvtynb tc fhbc fnjvsf thsj,kbj,f fnjv,bhsdbc thsyfbhb lflt,bsb ve[nbs\ vfufkbsfl= 'dtkf tktvtynb= hjvkbc fnjv,bhsdibw 11 ghjnjybf fhbc yfnhbevb (Na)+ 8 ghjnjybc itvwdtkb fnjvb ;fyu,flbf (O) lf f\i\ lqtbcfsdbc wyj,bkbf 116 tktvtynb\ fkjnhjgbf tktvtynb sfdbceafk vlujvfhtj,fib ofhvjflutyc vfhnbd ybdsbtht,fc\ thscf lf bvfdt tktvtync ite.kbf vjudwtc hfvltybvt vfhnbdb ybdsbtht,f\ tktvtynbc sdbct,fc= ,eyt,fib bfhct,jc hfvltybvt vfhnbdb ybdsbtht,bc cf[bs= fkjnhjgbf tojlt,f\ bub ufvjodtekbf jhb vbptpbs| 1) vjktrekfib fnjvsf hbw[dbc hfjltyj,bs\ vfufkbsfl= ;fyu,flb (O 2 ) lf jpjyb (O 3 )+ 2) rhbcnfkehb vtchbc c[dflfc[dfj,bs\ vfufkbsfl= fkvfcb= uhfabnb lf rfh,byb= hjvkt,bw tktvtyn yf[ibh,flbc (C) vbth ofhvjmvybkb vfhnbdb ybdsbtht,t,bf\ 'dtkf tktvtync lf= itcf,fvbcfl= vfhnbd ybdsbtht,t,cfw 'jaty kbsjyt,fl lf fhfkbsjyt,fl\ kbsjyt,b= xdtekt,hbd gbhj- ,t,ib= rhbcnfkehb vtchbc vmjyt v'fhb ybdsbtht,t,bf (ufhlf dthw[kbco'kbcf _ Hg)= [jkj fhfkbsjyt,b ud[dlt,f cfvbdt fuhtufnek vlujvfhtj,fib\ vfufkbsfl= fpjnb (N 2 ) _ fbhflbf= ajcajhb (P) _ v'fhb= ,hjvb (Br 2 ) _ s[tdflb\ kbsjyt,c f[fcbfst,c ,pbydfht,f= ztlflj,f= ufzbvdbcf lf ufukbydbc rfhub eyfhb\ cbs,j- lf tktmnhjufvnfhj,f+ fhfkbsj- yt,b vjrkt,ekbf 'dtkf ptvjfqybiyek sdbct,fc\ ufvjyfrkbcbf uhfabnb (rfhufl fnfht,c tktmnhjltyc) lf bjlb (rhbcnfkehbf)\ yfhtdt,b lf mbvbehb yfthst,b yfhtdb tojlt,f jhb fy vtnb ybdsbtht,bc ithtdbs vbqt,ek thsj,kbj,fc= hjvtkibw itvfdfk rjvgjytynt,c ityfhxeyt,ekb fmdc sfdbcb abpbrehb lf mbvbehb sdbct,t,b\ yfhtdbc itlutybkj,f itb.kt,f yt,bcvbthfl dwdfkjs\ yfhtdbc lf'jaf itvflutytk rjvgjytynfl itb.kt,f vfhnbdb abpbrehb vtsjlt,bs\ yfhtdbc vjvpflt,bcfc fh [lt,f cbs,jc ufvj'jaf fy isfysmvf\ yfhtdt,b jhudfhbf| thsudfhjdfyb lf fhfthsudfhjdfyb\ thsudfhjdfyb tojlt,f yfhtdc= hjvtkibw vbrhjcrjgbsfw rb ite.kt,tkbf yfhtdbc itvflutytkb ybdsbtht,t,bc lfyf[df\ thsudfhjdfybf= vfufkbsfl= cgbhnbc o'fk[cyfhb= ]fthb lf c[df\ fhfthsudfhjdfyb tojlt,f yfhtdc= hjvtkibw sdfkbs fy vbrhjcrjgbs itcf.kt,tkbf yfhtdbc itvflutytkb ybdsbtht,t,bc lfyf[df\ fhfthsudfhjdfybf hrbybc a[dybkbcf lf [bc yf[th[bc= wfhwbcf lf ceahbc vfhbkbc= ptsbcf lf o'kbc yfhtdb lf c[df\ yfthsb tojlt,f jhb fy vtnb ybdsbtht,bc mbvbehb ehsbthsmvtlt,bc itltufl vbqt,ek sdbcj,hbdfl f[fk thsj,kbj,fc= hjvtkibw itvfdfk ybdsbtht,t,c lfrfhuekb fmdc gbhdfyltkb sdbct,t,b\ yfthsbc ofhvjmvybcfc vbbqt,f sdbcj,hbdfl f[fkb ybdsbtht,f\ yfthsbc ofhvjmvybcfc ybdsbtht,t,b ufhrdtekb ojybsb sfyfafhlj,t,bs ethslt,f thsvfytsc\ mbvbehb yfthsbc lf'jaf cfo'bc ybdsbtht,t,fl vfhnbdb abpbrehb vtsjlt,bs fh itb.kt,f\ yfthsbc ofhvjmvybcfc cbs,j ufvjb'jaf fy isfbysmvt,f\ 4 5
- Page 1 and 2: m. cincaZe, n. maisuraZe, g. manvel
- Page 3: obyfvlt,fht cf[tkv.qdfytkj ufsdfkbc
- Page 7 and 8: 'jdtksdbc thsbc njkbf)= Ca= Ba= Mg
- Page 9 and 10: xdtekt,hbd fbhbc cbvrdhbdtc ufycfpq
- Page 11 and 12: SFDB ^^\ L\B\ VTYLTKTTDBC GTHBJLEKJ
- Page 13 and 14: SFDB ^^^\ FHFJHUFYEK YFTHSSF >BHBSF
- Page 15 and 16: nentt,sfy ehsbthsmvtlt,bcfc bcbyb f
- Page 17 and 18: 3\ v;fdt,b itlbc htfmwbfib ae.tt,sf
- Page 19 and 20: fvajnthekb ]blhjmcblb ae.bc sdbct,f
- Page 21 and 22: 11\ pjubthsb v'fhb v;fdf jmcblbc it
- Page 23 and 24: v;fdfc ajhvekf HF HCl HBr HI H 2 S
- Page 25 and 26: A (Li) = 7 (0,927) + 6 (0073) = 6,
- Page 27 and 28: wbsb rjjhlbyfnt,bc qth.bc vbvfhs\ d
- Page 29 and 30: ve[nbc cblblbc phlf 1-lfy 116-vlt b
- Page 31 and 32: cohfadbc hbw[j,hbdb vybidytkj,bc ph
- Page 33 and 34: jhb d-jh,bnfkbc uflfafhdbs ofhvjbmv
- Page 35 and 36: Cl Z=17 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 5
- Page 37 and 38: yf[ibh,flbc fnjvc fupyt,ek vlujvfht
- Page 39 and 40: ;fyu,flbc ;fyudbc [fhbc[b 'dtkf yft
- Page 41 and 42: dbceakfl uflfflubklt,f vstk rhbcnfk
- Page 43 and 44: ht,bc vbvfhs 1 fnv\ oytdbc lf 250C-
- Page 45 and 46: jhlbyfnsf qth.pt uflfpjvbkbf cbcntv
- Page 47 and 48: cytkb fhbc bc rjvgjytynb= hjvtkbw v
- Page 49 and 50: 1000�g 2 Mg1 �t � K t,\ fmtlf
- Page 51 and 52: Ba(OH) 2 lf c[df\ cecnb tktmnhjkbnt
- Page 53 and 54: vjkb$k\ fyufhbibc ufcfvfhnbdt,kfl i
- Page 55 and 56:
;fyudf-fqlutybc htfmwbt,bc ufynjkt,
- Page 57 and 58:
tktmnhjyekb gjntywbfkt,bc f,cjkeneh
- Page 59 and 60:
tktmnhjkbpb v;fdt,b= nentt,b= vfhbk
- Page 61 and 62:
hrbybc lf ]blhjmcblbc bjyt,b ofhvjm
- Page 63 and 64:
o'fk,flbc yfhtdb ]fthsfy (vuhudbyfd
- Page 65 and 66:
jmcblb lf ]blhjmcblb\ yfnhbevb ofhv
- Page 67 and 68:
fldbkfl b[cyt,f hjujhw ufypfdt,ek=
- Page 69 and 70:
hflufy ufvj'jabkb Al(OH) 3 fvajnthe
- Page 71 and 72:
yf[ibh,flbc (^^) jmcblb _ CO v[esfd
- Page 73 and 74:
Si + O 2 ��SiO 2 fh b[cyt,f fhw
- Page 75 and 76:
fvbfrb fldbkfl itlbc htfmwbfib v;fd
- Page 77 and 78:
Au + HNO + 3HCl �� AuCl + NO +
- Page 79 and 80:
o'fk,flb ajcajhsfy lfrfdibht,ekbf t
- Page 81 and 82:
jpjyb keh/b athbc= vrdtshb ceybc vm
- Page 83 and 84:
ujubhlv;fdf .kbthb v;fyufdbf\ ufypf
- Page 85 and 86:
eylf fqbybiyjc= hjv mkjhb eiefkjl f
- Page 87 and 88:
mkjhfnt,b xdtekt,hbd gbhj,t,ib cfrv
- Page 89 and 90:
2Cu + O 2 � 2CuO fy cgbkty.bc (^^
- Page 91 and 92:
Cr(OH) 3 + KOH � KCrO 2 + 2H 2 O
- Page 93 and 94:
Mn + H � 2 SO 4 MnSO 4 + H 2 ufyp
- Page 95 and 96:
vfkehb ;fyudbsb hbw[dbf +5= [jkj yb
- Page 97 and 98:
s[tdflb se/b lf oblf xfvjtlbyt,f me
- Page 99 and 100:
Fe 2 O 3 _ hrbybc (^^^) jmcblb Fe(O
- Page 101 and 102:
L lfybtk-bfrj,cbc ufkdfyehb tktvtyn
- Page 103 and 104:
,eyt,hbdb yfthst,b jmcblt,b v;fdt,b
- Page 105 and 106:
sfdb * tktmnhjmbvbf................