zogadi da araorganuli qimia

jpjyb keh/b athbc= vrdtshb ceybc vmjyt fbhbf\ ufs,j,bcfc
atsmlt,f\ ;fyu,flsfy itlfht,bs bub eahj .kbthb lfv;fyudtkbf\
2KJ + O 3 + H 2 O ��J 2 + 2KOH + O 2
PbS + 2O 3 ��PbSO 4 + O 2
nent kbsjyt,sfy jpjyb ofhvjmvybc jpjyblt,c\
K + O 3 ��KO 3
ufvj'tyt,f\ ;fyu,flb ufvjb'tyt,f kbsjyt,bc fdnjutyehb zhbc
lf itleqt,bc lhjc\ htfmnbekb cfodfdbc ;fyudbcsdbc\ ;fyu,flbs
ufvlblht,ekb ]fthb fxmfht,c ,tdh cfvhtodtkj lf ,bjkjubeh
ghjwtcc\ jpjyb ufvjb'tyt,f o'kbc ufcfceasfdt,kfl vfdyt ,fmnthbt,bcufy=
]fthbc ltpbyatmwbbcfsdbc\
ujubhlb
,eyt,fib ufdhwtkt,f\ ujubhlb ,eyt,fib ufdhwtkt,ekbf
hjujhw sfdbceafkb (sdbsyf,flb)= bct yfthst,bc cf[bs\ cekablt,bcf
lf cekafnt,bc cf[bs bub itlbc ,tdhb vbythfkbc itvflutykj,fib\
vbcb ,eyt,hbdb yfthst,blfy wyj,bkbf| FeS 2 _ hrbybc
fkvflfyb (gbhbnb)= Cu 2 S _ cgbkty.bc rhbfkf= PbS _ n'dbbc
rhbfkf= CaSO 4 . 2H2 O _ sf,fibhb= Na 2 SO 4 . 10H2 O _ ukfe,thbc
vfhbkb= MgSO 4 . 7H2 O _ vofht vfhbkb lf c[df\ ufhlf fvbcf= ujubhlb
itlbc mdfyf[ibhbcf lf yfdsj,bc itvflutykj,fib\
xdtekt,hbd gbhj,t,ib ujubhlb 'dbstkb athbc ybdsbtht,ff\
o'fkib fh b[cyt,f\ rfhufl b[cyt,f ujubhlyf[ibh,flib (CS 2 )\
fhct,j,c ujubhlbc cfvb fkjnhjgbekb cf[twdkbkt,f| hjv-
,ekb _ vluhflbf 95 0 C-pt lf,fk ntvgthfnehfpt+ vjyjrkbyehb
_ vluhflbf 95 0 C-pt vfqfk ntvgthfnehfpt+ gkfcnbrehb _
vbbqt,f ufvlyfhb ujubhlbc wbd o'fkib ithtdbs\
mbvbehb sdbct,t,b\ ]fthpt uf[eht,bs ujubhlb bodbc wbcathb
fkbs| S + O 2 ��SO 2 . vfqfk ntvgthfnehfpt ethslt,f _
kbsjyt,c cekablt,bc ofhvjmvybs| Fe + S ��FeS\
fhfkbsjyt,c| 2P + 5S ��P 2 S 5; S + 2Cl 2 ��SCl 4 \
b[cyt,f ujubhlv;fdfib (rjyw\)| S + 2H 2 SO 4 ��3SO 2 + 2H 2 O\
o'fk,flyfthst,b\ ujubhlb o'fk,flsfy udf.ktdc hfvltybvt
yfthsc _ ujubhlo'fk,flc (H 2 S) lf gjkbujubhlo'fk,flt,c (H 2 S 2 ,
H 2 S 3 , H 2 S 5 )\
vfsufy 'dtkfpt vybidytkjdfybf ujubhlo'fk,flb _ H 2 S\
bub ud[dlt,f pjubths vbythfkeh o'fkib= dekrfyehb fvjahmdtdt,bc
lhjc lf c[df\
kf,jhfnjhbek gbhj,t,ib vbbqt,f hrbybc cekablpt vfhbkv;fdbc
vjmvtlt,bs|
FeS +2HCl �� FeCl 2 + H 2 S
ujubhlo'fk,flb eathj= fhfcfcbfvjdyj ceybc (kf't rdthw[bc)=
vjvofvdktkb fbhbf\ o'fkib rfhufl b[cyt,f\ ]fthpt bodbc|
2H 2 S +3O 2 �� 2SO 2 + 2H 2 O
H 2 S-bc o'fk[cyfhb cecnb= jhae.bfyb v;fdff\ lbcjwbhlt,f
cfat[eht,fl|
H 2 S � �� H + + HS _
HS _ �� H + + S _2
H 2 S � �� 2H + + S _2
ofhvjmvybc jhb cf[bc vfhbkt,c| v;fdf vfhbkt,c (]blhjcekablt,b)
lf cfiefkj vfhbkt,c (cekablt,b)\
cekablt,bc vbqt,f itb.kt,f|
f) kbsjyt,bc lf ujubhlbc eiefkj itthst,bs|
Fe +S �� FeS
,) ujubhlo'fk,flbc lf nenbc rhsbthsmvtlt,bs|
H 2 S +2NaOH �� Na 2 S + 2H 2 O
u) kbsjysf vfhbkbc o'fk[cyfht,ib ujubhlo'fk,flbc ufnfht,bs|
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