SFDB ^&\ FNJVBC FQYFUJ
A (Li) = 7 (0,927) + 6 (0073) = 6, 94 r fhct,j,c bctsb fnjvt,b= hjvkt,cfw thsyfbhb vfcehb hbw[dt,b fmdc= vfuhfv bcbyb ufyc[dfdlt,bfy fnjv,bhsdbc ve[nbc cblblbs\ fcts fnjvt,c b p j ,fht,b tojlt,f\ vfufkbsfl= 40 40 40 18 Ar, 19 K, 20 Ca \ bpj,fht,c fnjv,bhsdib ghjnjyt,bcf lf ytbnhjyt,bc cfthsj hbw[db thsyfbhb fmdc= vfuhfv bcbyb ghjnjyt,bc (Z) lf ytbnhjyt,bc (n) hbw[dbs ufyc[dfdlt,bfy\ wyj,bkbf fuhtsdt c[dflfc[df tktvtynbc fnjvt,b= hjvtksf fnjv,bhsdib vjsfdct,ekbf ytbnhjyt,bc njkb lf ghjnjyt,bc c[dflfc[df hfjltyj,f\ vfs bpjnjyt,b tojlt,f\ vfufkbsfl= 70 72 74 30 Zn, 32 Ge, 34 Se (30 P, 40 n) (32 P, 40 n) (34 P, 40 n) fnjvsf tktmnhjyekb ufhct,bc fqyfuj,f fnjvb hsekb fqyfuj,bc vmjyt tktmnhjytbnhfkehb cbcntvff\ bub itlut,f lflt,bsfl lfve[nekb fnjv,bhsdbcf lf vbc bhudkbd vj.hfdb efh'jabsfl lfve[nekb tktmnhjyt,bcfufy\ tktmnhjyt,bc hbw[db fnjvib elhbc fnjv,bhsdbc ve[nbc cblbltc (ghjnjyt,bc hfjltyj,fc)\ vfifcflfvt= tktvtynbc hbuj,hbdb yjvthb gthbjlek cbcntvfib udbxdtyt,c hjujhw fnjv,bhsdbc lflt,bsb ve[nbc (ghjnjybc) hbw[dc= fctdt fnjv,bhsdbc ufhitvj vj.hfdb tktmnhjyt,bc hfjltyj,fcfw\ mdfynehb vtmfybrbc sdfkcfphbcbs= tktmnhjyc f[fcbfst,c hjujhw rjhgecrekehb= fctdt nfkqehb ,eyt,f\ bub vj.hfj,c fnjvbc vstk vjwekj,fib lf ofhvjmvybc t\o\ tktmnhjyek qhe,tkc= hjvtkbw fqothc tktmnhjybc vlujvfhtj,fc fnjvib\ tktmnhjyekb qhe,kbc cbvrdhbdt fnjvehb cbdhwbc c[dflfc[df yfobkib c[dflfc[dff\ cbdhwbc bv yfobkc= hjvtkibw 'dtkfpt vtnbf tktmnhjybc 'jaybc fk,fsj,f= t\b\ 'dtkfpt vtnbf tktmnhjyekb qhe,kbc cbvrdhbdt= jh,bnfkb tojlt,f\ fnjvib tktmnhjybc vlujvfhtj,fc f[fcbfst,ty js[b mdfynehb hbw[dbs\ tctybf| n _ vsfdfhb mdfynehb hbw[db � _ jh,bnfkehb mdfynehb hbw[db m _ vfuybnehb mdfynehb hbw[db s _ cgbyehb mdfynehb hbw[db vsfdfhb mdfynehb hbw[db _ n fqybiyfdc tythutnbrekb ljybc yjvthc= ufycfpqdhfdc tktmnhjybc tythubfc fnjvib lf bqt,c yfnehfkeh hbw[dsf vorhbdbc vybidytkj,t,c n = 1, 2, 3, 4, ...�\ vbcb vybidytkj,f lfvjrblt,ekbf tktmnhjybc lfijht,fpt fnjv,bhsdblfy\ bub f[fcbfst,c bv tktmnhjybc tythubfc= hjvtkcfw ezbhfdc vjwtvekb tythutnbrekb ljyt\ 'dtkfpt vwbht tythubf uffxybf gbhdtkb tythutnbrekb ljybc tktmnhjyt,c\ t\b\ bv ljybc= hjvtkbw 'dtkfpt f[kjf fnjv,bhsdsfy\ fnjv- ,bhsdblfy hfw eahj lfijht,ek tythutnbrek ljytptf vjsfdct,ekb tktmnhjyb= vbs eahj vtnbf vbcb tythubf\ tktmnhjyt,bc tythubfpt= fye vsfdfh mdfyneh hbw[dpt lfvjrblt,ekt,bs fhxtdty K, L, M, N, O, P, Q tythutnbrek ljytt,c= hjvkt,bw vsfdfhb mdfynehb hbw[dbc itvltu vybidytkj,t,c gfce[j,c| K tythutnbrekb ljybcfsdbc n = 1 L tythutnbrekb ljybcfsdbc n = 2 M tythutnbrekb ljybcfsdbc n = 3 N tythutnbrekb ljybcfsdbc n = 4 O tythutnbrekb ljybcfsdbc n = 5 P tythutnbrekb ljybcfsdbc n = 6 Q tythutnbrekb ljybcfsdbc n = 7 fnjvib tythutnbrekb ljytt,bc hbw[db njkbf bv gthbjlbc yjvhbc= hjvtkibw tktvtynb bv'jat,f\ ^ gthbjlbc tktvtynt,c thsb tythutnbrekb ljyt fmdc+ ^^ gthbjlbc tktvtynt,c _ jhb+ ^^^ gthbjlbcfc _ cfvb lf f\i\ 44 45
- Page 1 and 2: m. cincaZe, n. maisuraZe, g. manvel
- Page 3 and 4: obyfvlt,fht cf[tkv.qdfytkj ufsdfkbc
- Page 5 and 6: mbvbehb tktvtynb fnjvsf 'jdtk ufhrd
- Page 7 and 8: 'jdtksdbc thsbc njkbf)= Ca= Ba= Mg
- Page 9 and 10: xdtekt,hbd fbhbc cbvrdhbdtc ufycfpq
- Page 11 and 12: SFDB ^^\ L\B\ VTYLTKTTDBC GTHBJLEKJ
- Page 13 and 14: SFDB ^^^\ FHFJHUFYEK YFTHSSF >BHBSF
- Page 15 and 16: nentt,sfy ehsbthsmvtlt,bcfc bcbyb f
- Page 17 and 18: 3\ v;fdt,b itlbc htfmwbfib ae.tt,sf
- Page 19 and 20: fvajnthekb ]blhjmcblb ae.bc sdbct,f
- Page 21 and 22: 11\ pjubthsb v'fhb v;fdf jmcblbc it
- Page 23: v;fdfc ajhvekf HF HCl HBr HI H 2 S
- Page 27 and 28: wbsb rjjhlbyfnt,bc qth.bc vbvfhs\ d
- Page 29 and 30: ve[nbc cblblbc phlf 1-lfy 116-vlt b
- Page 31 and 32: cohfadbc hbw[j,hbdb vybidytkj,bc ph
- Page 33 and 34: jhb d-jh,bnfkbc uflfafhdbs ofhvjbmv
- Page 35 and 36: Cl Z=17 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 5
- Page 37 and 38: yf[ibh,flbc fnjvc fupyt,ek vlujvfht
- Page 39 and 40: ;fyu,flbc ;fyudbc [fhbc[b 'dtkf yft
- Page 41 and 42: dbceakfl uflfflubklt,f vstk rhbcnfk
- Page 43 and 44: ht,bc vbvfhs 1 fnv\ oytdbc lf 250C-
- Page 45 and 46: jhlbyfnsf qth.pt uflfpjvbkbf cbcntv
- Page 47 and 48: cytkb fhbc bc rjvgjytynb= hjvtkbw v
- Page 49 and 50: 1000�g 2 Mg1 �t � K t,\ fmtlf
- Page 51 and 52: Ba(OH) 2 lf c[df\ cecnb tktmnhjkbnt
- Page 53 and 54: vjkb$k\ fyufhbibc ufcfvfhnbdt,kfl i
- Page 55 and 56: ;fyudf-fqlutybc htfmwbt,bc ufynjkt,
- Page 57 and 58: tktmnhjyekb gjntywbfkt,bc f,cjkeneh
- Page 59 and 60: tktmnhjkbpb v;fdt,b= nentt,b= vfhbk
- Page 61 and 62: hrbybc lf ]blhjmcblbc bjyt,b ofhvjm
- Page 63 and 64: o'fk,flbc yfhtdb ]fthsfy (vuhudbyfd
- Page 65 and 66: jmcblb lf ]blhjmcblb\ yfnhbevb ofhv
- Page 67 and 68: fldbkfl b[cyt,f hjujhw ufypfdt,ek=
- Page 69 and 70: hflufy ufvj'jabkb Al(OH) 3 fvajnthe
- Page 71 and 72: yf[ibh,flbc (^^) jmcblb _ CO v[esfd
- Page 73 and 74: Si + O 2 ��SiO 2 fh b[cyt,f fhw
- Page 75 and 76:
fvbfrb fldbkfl itlbc htfmwbfib v;fd
- Page 77 and 78:
Au + HNO + 3HCl �� AuCl + NO +
- Page 79 and 80:
o'fk,flb ajcajhsfy lfrfdibht,ekbf t
- Page 81 and 82:
jpjyb keh/b athbc= vrdtshb ceybc vm
- Page 83 and 84:
ujubhlv;fdf .kbthb v;fyufdbf\ ufypf
- Page 85 and 86:
eylf fqbybiyjc= hjv mkjhb eiefkjl f
- Page 87 and 88:
mkjhfnt,b xdtekt,hbd gbhj,t,ib cfrv
- Page 89 and 90:
2Cu + O 2 � 2CuO fy cgbkty.bc (^^
- Page 91 and 92:
Cr(OH) 3 + KOH � KCrO 2 + 2H 2 O
- Page 93 and 94:
Mn + H � 2 SO 4 MnSO 4 + H 2 ufyp
- Page 95 and 96:
vfkehb ;fyudbsb hbw[dbf +5= [jkj yb
- Page 97 and 98:
s[tdflb se/b lf oblf xfvjtlbyt,f me
- Page 99 and 100:
Fe 2 O 3 _ hrbybc (^^^) jmcblb Fe(O
- Page 101 and 102:
L lfybtk-bfrj,cbc ufkdfyehb tktvtyn
- Page 103 and 104:
,eyt,hbdb yfthst,b jmcblt,b v;fdt,b
- Page 105 and 106:
sfdb * tktmnhjmbvbf................