zogadi da araorganuli qimia
zogadi da araorganuli qimia
zogadi da araorganuli qimia
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eylf fqbybiyjc= hjv mkjhb eiefkjl fh vjmvtlt,c ;fyu-<br />
,flsfy= fpjnsfy lf yf[ibh,flsfy (vfsb yfthst,b vbbqt,f fhfgbhlfgbhb<br />
upbs)\<br />
ufvj'tyt,f\ mkjhb ufvjb'tyt,f cfcvtkb o'kbc cfltpbyatmwbjl<br />
(o'kbc mkjhbht,f= mcjdbkt,bcf lf mfqfklbc ufcfstsht,kfl=<br />
mkjhbfyb rbhbc vbcfqt,fl (vfstsht,tkb lf cfltpbyatmwbj<br />
cfiefkt,f)= athfl vtnfkehubfib= vfhbkv;fdbc ofhvjt,fib<br />
lf c[df\<br />
mkjho'fk,flb lf vfhbkv;fdf<br />
HCl-ib (Mr = 36,5; D n = 18,25) ,vf rjdfktyneh-gjkfhekbf\<br />
tktmnhjyekb qhe,kbc cbvrdhbdt uflfotekbf mkjhbcrty= hj-<br />
ujhw eahj tktmnhjefh'jabsb tktvtynbc fnjvbcrty| H : Cl :<br />
� �<br />
\<br />
mkjho'fk,flb xdtekt,hbd gbhj,t,ib eathj= vrdtshb ceybc<br />
vmjyt fbhbf= .ytkfl s[tdfllt,f= rfhufl b][cyt,f o'fkib (0 0 -pt<br />
1 vjwekj,f o'fkib b[cyt,f 500 vjwekj,fvlt mkjho'fk,flb)\<br />
mkjho'fk,flbc o'fk[cyfhc mkjho'fk,flv;fdf= fye vfhbkv;fdf<br />
tojlt,f\<br />
kf,jhfnjhbek gbhj,t,ib mkjho'fk,flc qt,ekj,ty yfnhbevbc<br />
mkjhblpt rjywtynhbht,ekb ujubhlv;fdbc vjmvtlt,bs\<br />
jsf[bc ntvgthfnehfpt tc htfmwbf vbvlbyfhtj,c mkjho'fk-<br />
,flbcf lf yfnhbevbc ]blhjcekafnbc ofhvjmvybs|<br />
NaCl + H 2 SO 4 ��NaHSO 4 + HCl<br />
vfqfkb ntvgthfnehbc lhjc rb htfmwbf vblbc ,jkjvlt|<br />
2NaCl + H 2 SO 4 �� Na 2 SO 4 + 2HCl<br />
fv;fvfl ntmybrfib mkjho'fk,flc lblb hfjltyj,bs qt,ekj,ty<br />
o'fk,flbcf lf mkjhbc cbystpbs|<br />
H 2 + Cl 2 ��HCl<br />
��<br />
tc htfmwbf vbvlbyfhtj,c cbyfskbc mdfynbc vjmvtlt,bs\<br />
mkjhbc vjktrekf isfysmfdc cbyfskbc mdfync (hn) lf bikt,f<br />
fnjvt,fl= hfcfw vj]'dt,f /fzdehb htfmwbf\<br />
Cl 2 + hn ��Cl . + Cl .<br />
Cl . + H 2 ��HCl + H .<br />
H . + Cl 2 ��HCl + Cl . lf f\i\<br />
vfhbkv;fdf _ HCl eathj cbs[tf\ rjywtynhbht,ekb vfhbkv;fdf<br />
37%-vlt mkjho'fk,flc itbwfdc lf ytcnbfy ]fthpt @,jkfdc#\<br />
vfhbkv;fdf .kbthb= thsae.bfyb v;fdff\ vfc uffxybf v;fdbc<br />
'dtkf sdbct,f\ vfcib b[cyt,f 'dtkf kbsjyb= ufhlf bv kbsjyt-<br />
,bcf= hjvkt,bw vjsfdct,ekbf kbsjysf tktmnhjmbvbehb .f,dbc<br />
vorhbdib o'fk,flbc vfh/dybd\ vfhbkv;fdfib fh b[cyt,f fuhtsdt<br />
n'dbf= hflufy n'dbbc ptlfgbhpt xylt,f PbCl 2 -bc lfvwfdb<br />
atyf= hjvtkbw [tkc eikbc n'dbbc itvlujv uf[cyfc\<br />
Zn + 2HCl ��ZnCl 2 + H 2 �<br />
Mg + 2HCl �� MgCl 2 + H 2 �<br />
vfhbkv;fdf ehsbthsmvtlt,c ae.t jmcblt,sfy= ae.tt,sfy lf<br />
pjubths vfhbksfy|<br />
2HCl + CaO ��CaCl 2 + H 2 O<br />
2HCl + Ca(OH) 2 �� CaCl 2 + 2H 2 O<br />
HCl + AgNO 3 �� AgCl� + HNO 3<br />
mkjho'fk,flb eiefkjl ehsbthsmvtlt,c fvbfrsfy fvjybevbc<br />
mkjhblbc ofhvjmvybs|<br />
HCl + NH 3 �� NH 4 Cl<br />
ufvj'tyt,f\ vfhbkv;fdf afhsjl ufvjb'tyt,f ofhvjt,fib _ vtnfkehubfib=<br />
rdt,bc vhtodtkj,fib= kbsjysf mkjhblt,bc vbcfqt,fl=<br />
cfqt,fdt,bc ofhvjt,fib= vtlbwbyfib= mbvbeh kf,jhfnjhbt,ib\<br />
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