zogadi da araorganuli qimia

7�
2K MnO � 5Na ( O ) � 8H SO � K SO � 2MnSO
�
0
2
� 5O � 8H
O
�1 �2
4 2 2
2
2 4 2 4
7� 2�
Mn � 5e
� Mn 2 v;fyufdb (fqluf)
�2 0
( O ) � 2e
� O 5 fqvlutyb (lfb;fyuf)
2
2�
� 2�
2 2
2
6�
PbS � 4H ( O ) � Pb S O � 4H
O
4 2
2� 6�
S � 8e
� S
1 fqvlutyb (lfb;fyuf)
�2
�2 2�
( O ) � 2e � 2O
4 v;fyufdb (fqluf)
2
o'fk,flbc gthjmcblb ufvjb'tyt,f vtlbwbyfib= hjujhw rfhub
fynbctgnbrb lf cflbpbyatmwbj cfiefkt,f\
nent kbsjyt,b (yfnhbevb)
vtyltkttdbc gthbjlekb cbcntvbc ^f mdt/ueaib vjsfdct-
,ekbf nent kbsjyt,b| kbsbevb Li= yfnhbevb Na= rfkbevb K=
he,blbevb Rb= wtpbevb Cs= ahfywbevb Fr\ fqybiyek tktvtynt,c
cfdfktynj ihtpt fmdc thsb tktmnhjyb _ ns1 \ fvbnjv vfs ite.kbf
v[jkjl thsb tktmnhjybc ufwtvf lf lflt,bsb bjybc ofhvjmvyf
M_ e � M
� \ nent kbsjyt,b v[jkjl fqvlutykt,bf\ mdt-
/ueaib ptdblfy mdtdbs vwbhlt,f bjybpfwbbc gjntywbfkb= itcf,fvbcfl=
ptdblfy mdtdbs bphlt,f kbsjyt,bc fmnbdj,fw\
nent kbsjyt,b vjdthw[kbcathj (wtpbevb jmhjcathb
'dbstkb) h,bkb kbsjyt,bf (vfsb ufzhf itb.kt,f lfybs= kbsbevbc
ufhlf)\ he,blbevb lf wtpbevb ]fthpt sdbsffkt,flbf\ bcbyb
fldbkfl b;fyut,bfy= fvbnjv vfs byf[fdty yfdsib fy gfhfabyib\
fv /ueabc tktvtynt,b= .kbthb fmnbehj,bc ufvj= sfdbceafk
vlujvfhtj,fib fh ud[dlt,f\ ufdhwtkt,ekbf vfsb yfthst,b| NaCl
2�
4
_ mdfvfhbkb= NaCl . KCl _ cfkdbybnb= KCl . MgCl . 6H2O _
2
rfhyfkbnb= Na SO . 10H2O _ ukfe,thbc vfhbkb= K CO _
2 4
2 3
gjnfib= Na CO . 10H2O _ rhbcnfkehb cjlf= NaHCO _
2 3
3
cfcvtkb cjlf= NaNO , KNO _ udfh/bkt,b\
3 3
mbvbehb sdbct,t,b\ vbe[tlfdfl bvbcf= hjv nent kbsjyt,b
sdbct,t,b .fkbfy ]ufdc thsvfytsc= vfs ijhbc vfbyw fhbc vwbhtlb
ufyc[dfdt,f\ ;fyu,flbcrty 'dtkfpt lbl cohfadfc bxtyc kbsbevb\
uf[eht,bs v[jkjl bc udf.ktdc jmcblc| 2Li � O � 2Li
O + yfn-
122 123
2 2
hbevb udf.ktdc gthjmcblc _ 2Na � O 2 � Na 2O 2 +
rfkbevb= he,blbevb lf wtpbevb b.ktdf _ ptgthjmcblt,c|
K O , Rb O , Cs O \
2 4 2 4 2 4
jsf[bc ntvgthfnehfpt v[jkjl kbsbevb ethslt,f fpjnc|
6Li � N � 2Li
N (ybnhblb)
2 3
ufdfhdfht,ekb kbsbevb= vfuybevbc vcufdcfl= bodbc yf[ibhjh;fyubc
fhtib|
4Li � CO � 2Li
O � C
2 2
kbsbevbc nent _ LiOH= fvfdt mdt/ueabc kbsjyt,bc
nentt,bcufy ufyc[dfdt,bs= uf[eht,bs bikt,f|
2LiOH � 2Li 2O � H 2O
yfnhbevbc vbqt,f [lt,f NaCl fy NaOH yfkqj,bc tktmnhjkbpbs|
� �
2MeCl � 2Me 2Cl
K _ �
2Me 0
� 2e
� 2Me
A + � 0
2Cl � 2e � Cl2
mbvbehb sdbct,t,b\ yfnhbevb tythubekfl vjmvtlt,c o'fksfy|
2Na � 2H O � 2NaOH
� H �
2 2
]fkjutyt,sfy| 2Na � Cl2 � 2NaCl
(mkjhblb)
ujubhlsfy| 2Na � S � Na 2S
(cekablb)
fpjnsfy| 6Na � N
t
�� � 3Na
N (ybnhblb)
2 3