zogadi da araorganuli qimia
zogadi da araorganuli qimia
zogadi da araorganuli qimia
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mbvbehb fmnbdj,bc ufvj ]fkjutyt,b ,eyt,fib ud[dlt,f v[jkjl<br />
yfthst,bc cf[bs= .bhbsflfl ]fkjutyo'fk,flv;fdt,bc vfhbkt,bc<br />
cf[bs\<br />
mkjhb _ Cl<br />
z = 17 Ar = 35= 453<br />
tktmnhjyekb ajhvekff 1s 2 23 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 5<br />
mkjhbc vjktrekbc _ Cl 2 -bc ofhvjmvyf|<br />
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mkjhbc vjktrerkbc ofhvjmvyf [jhwbtklt,f p-tktmnhjyekb<br />
qhe,kt,bc uflfafhdbs= ,vf rjdfktyneh-fhfgjkfhekbf\<br />
p x<br />
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,eyt,fib ufdhwtkt,f\ mkjhb sfdbceafkb cf[bs v[jkjl<br />
dekrfyeh fbht,ib ud[dlt,f= yfthst,blfy vybidytkjdfybf| NaCl<br />
_ ceahbc vfhbkb+ vbythfkt,b| cbkdbyb _ KCl= cbkdbybnb _<br />
NaCl . KCl= rfhyfkbnb _ KCl . MgCl 2 . 6H2 O lf c[df\<br />
vbqt,f\ cfvhtodtkj vfcinf,bs mkjhb vbbqt,f ceahbc vfhbkbc<br />
_ NaCl-bc o'fk[cyfhbc tktmnhjkbpbs|<br />
NaCl ��Na+ + Cl_ 2H O + 2e ��H + OH 2 2 _ (rfsjlpt)<br />
2Cl_ _ 2e �� Cl (fyjlpt)<br />
2<br />
[cyfhib hxt,f yfnhbevb ]blhjmcblb _ NaOH<br />
2NaCl + 2H O ��2NaOH + H + Cl 2 2 2<br />
kf,jhfnjhbfib mkjhb vbbqt,f rjywtynhbht,ek vfhbkv;fdfpt<br />
hjvtkbvt v;fyufdbc vjmvtlt,bs|<br />
4HCl + MnO 2 �� MnCl 4 + 2H 2 O<br />
MnCl 4 �� MnCl 2 + Cl 2<br />
4HCl + MnO 2 �� MnCl 2 + Cl 2 + 2H 2 O<br />
2KMnO 4 + 16HCl �� 2MnCl 2 + 5Cl 2 + 2KCl + 8H 2 O<br />
abpbrehb lf mbvbehb sdbct,t,b\ mkjhb vj'dbsfkj-vjvodfyj<br />
athbc= v.fahb ceybc vmjyt fbhbf\ bub ]fthpt 2=5-/th v.bvtf\<br />
.kbth vjmvtlt,c cfceysmb upt,bc kjhojdfy ufhcpt\ lblb<br />
hfjltyj,bc xfceysmdf bodtdc cbrdlbkc!<br />
mkjhb fmnbehb fhfkbsjybf\ fv v[hbd bub xfvjedfhlt,f v[jkjl<br />
asjhcf lf ;fyu,flc\ mkjhb .kbthb v;fyufdbf= tythubekfl<br />
itlbc htfmwbt,ib kbsjyt,sfy lf ofhvjbmvyt,f mkjhblt,b (htfmwbf<br />
vbvlbyfhtj,c uf[eht,ekb kbsjybc itnfybs mkjhbc fhtib)\<br />
2Fe + 3Cl 2 �� 2FeCl 3<br />
Cu + Cl 2 ��CuCl 2<br />
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mkjhb o'fk,flc ytkf ethslt,f= vwbht uf[eht,bs fy mkjhbcf<br />
lf o'fk,flbc yfhtdbc lfc[bdt,bs htfmwbf cohfafl vblbc|<br />
� Cl<br />
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3Cl + 2P �� 2PCl 2 3<br />
5Cl + 2P �� 2PCl 2 5<br />
mkjhbc o'fksfy ehsbthsmvtlt,bc itltufl ofhvjbmvyt,f<br />
jhb v;fdf| vfhbkv;fdf (HCl) lf mdtmkjhjdfyb v;fdf (HClO)\ htfmwbf<br />
itmwtdflbf|<br />
Cl + H O<br />
2 2 �� HCl + HClO<br />
mdtmkjhjdfyb v;fdf _ HClO vtnfl .kbthb v;fyufdbf\ vbcb<br />
ofhvjmvybs fb[cyt,f mkjhbc vfstsht,tkb sdbct,t,b cbytcnbc<br />
sfyfj,bcfc\ vihfkb mkjhb fh fstsht,c\
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