zogadi da araorganuli qimia
zogadi da araorganuli qimia
zogadi da araorganuli qimia
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ktrekt,bcfufy\ t\b\ lf,fk ntvgthfnehfpt v'fhlt,f ojyfcojhj,f<br />
2NO 2 ��N 2 O 4 \<br />
NO 2 ithtekb fy]blhblbf\ nentt,sfy ehsbthsmvtlt,bcfc<br />
vfqfk ntvgthfnehfpt ofhvjmvybc fpjnjdfyb v;fdfc lf fpjnv;fdfc<br />
vfhbkt,c\<br />
2NO 2 + 2NaOH �� NaNO 3 + NaNO 2 + H 2 O<br />
fpjnbc (&) jmcblb (N 2 O 5 ) lf fpjnv;fdf (HNO 3 )\ fpjnbc<br />
fy]blhblb vbbqt,f fpjnv;fdfpt o'fkofvhsvtdb ybdsbtht,bc<br />
vjmvtlt,bs\<br />
2HNO 3 + P 2 O 5 �� 2HPO 3 + N 2 O 5<br />
N 2 O 5 fhfvluhflb= stshb athbc rhbcnfkt,bf\ lyj,bcfc bikt,f<br />
fatsmt,bs\ vbcb o'fk[cyfhb fpjnv;fdff\<br />
N 2 O 5 + H 2 O �� 2HNO 3<br />
fpjnv;fdf fpjnbc ;fyu,flbfy v;fdt,c ijhbc 'dtkfpt vybidytkjdfybf\<br />
vbcb vbqt,bc cfvhtodtkj [th[b fhbc fvbfrbc rfnfkbpehb<br />
lf;fyudf|<br />
4NH 3 + 5O2<br />
���<br />
4NO<br />
+ 4H<br />
2O<br />
2NO + O 2 �� 2NO 2<br />
4NO 2 + 2H 2 O + O 2 �� 4HNO 3<br />
fpjnv;fdf kf,jhfnjhbfib vbbqt,f ybnhfnt,pt ujubhlv;fdfc<br />
vjmvtlt,bs|<br />
NaNO 3 + H 2 SO 4 �� NaHSO 4 + HNO 3<br />
ceasf fpjnv;fdf eathj cbs[tf\ bub thsae.bfyb= .kbthb<br />
v;fdff\ vbc vfhbkt,c ybnhfnt,b tojlt,f\ ufs,j,bcfc ybnhfnt,b<br />
fldbkfl bikt,f\ nent kbsjyt,bc ybnhfnt,bc lfikbcfc ofhvjbmvyt,f<br />
ybnhbnt,b\<br />
NaNO 3 ��Na 2 NO 2 + O 2<br />
v.bvt kbsjyt,bc ybnhfnt,bc lfikbcfc ofhvjbmvyt,f itcf-<br />
,fvbcb kbsjybc jmcblb|<br />
Pt<br />
2Pb(NO ) �� 2PbO + 4NO + O 3 2 2 2<br />
rtsbkij,bkb kbsjyt,bc ybnhfnt,bc uf[eht,bcfc ufvjb'jaf<br />
itcf,fvbcb kbsjyb|<br />
2AgNO �� 2Ag + 2NO + O 3 2 2<br />
fpjnv;fdf .kbthb v;fyufdb v;fdff\ vfcib b[cyt,f fhfkbsjyt,b|<br />
3P + 5HNO �� 3HPO + 5NO + H O<br />
3 3 2<br />
fpjnv;fdf vjmvtlt,c kbsjyt,sfyfw\ fmnbeh kbsjyt,sfy<br />
ufyp\ fpjnv;fdbc vjmvtlt,bcfc fpjnbc fnjvb (+5) ;fyudbc<br />
hbw[dbs, bjyb fqlut,f (-3)-vlt|<br />
4Zn0 + 10HN +5O �� 4Zn 3 +2 _3 (NO ) + N H4NO + 3H O<br />
3 2<br />
3 2<br />
Zn0 _ 2e ��Zn +2 4<br />
N +5 + 8e �� N_3 1<br />
lflt,bsb gjntywbfkbc vmjyt kbsjyt,pt ufypfdt,ekb fpjnv;fdbc<br />
vjmvtlt,bcfc N +5 fqlut,f N +2-vlt| 3Cu0 + 8HN +5O �� 3Cu 3 +2 +2 (NO ) + 2N O + 4H O<br />
3 2<br />
2<br />
Cu0 _ 2e �� Cu +2 3<br />
N +5 + 3e �� N +2 1<br />
rjywtynhbht,ekb fpjnv;fdbc kbsjyt,sfy vjmvtlt,bcfc N +5<br />
'dtkf itvs[dtdfib fqlut,f N +4-vlt\ +4 + 2N O2 + 2H O 2<br />
Zn0 + 4HN +5O �� Zn 3 +2 (NO ) 3 2<br />
Zn0 _ 2e ��Zn +2 1<br />
N +5 + e �� N +4 2<br />
Cu 0 + 4HN +5 O 3 �� Cu +2 (NO 3 ) 2<br />
Cu 0 _ 2e �� Cu +2 1<br />
N +5 + e �� N +4 2<br />
146 147<br />
+ 2N +4 O2 + 2H 2 O<br />
fpjnv;fdf dth ;fyufdc jmhjc lf gkfnbyfc= fctdt= gkfnbybc<br />
hbubc tktvtynt,c\ fqybiyekb kbsjyt,b b[cyt,f v[jkjl cfvtaj<br />
o'fkib (1 vjw\ HNO 3 + 3 vjw\ HCl)\
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