theoryofliteratu00inwell

ff. 86-92] Notes 313
22. Cf. James H. Smith, The Reading of Poetry, Boston, 1939 (edi-
torially invented variants take the place of auctorially discarded ones).
23. Lily B. Campbell, Shakespeare's Tragic Heroes: Slaves of Passion,
Cambridge, 1930; Oscar J. Campbell, "What is the Matter with
Hamlet?", Yale Review, XXXI I (1942), pp. 309-22; Henri Dela-
croix, La Psychologie de Stendhal, Paris, 191 8; F. J. Hoffman,
Freudianism and the Literary Mind, Baton Rouge, 1945, pp. 256-88.
24. Cf. L. C. T. Forest, "A Caveat for Critics against Invoking Eliza-
bethan Psychology," PMLA, LXI (1946), pp. 651-72; also Lawrence
Bowling, Dramatizing the Mind, Iowa doctoral dissertation, 1946.
25. Cf. the writings of E. E. Stoll, passim, especially From Shakesfeare
to Joyce, New York, 1944, p. 70 ff.
1. Cf. bibliography, Section I.
CHAPTER IX
Literature and Society
2. Cf. Morris R. Cohen's excellent discussion, "American Literary
Criticism and Economic Forces," Journal of the History of Ideas, I
(1940), pp. 369-74-
3. On De Bonald, cf. Horatio Smith, "Relativism in Bonald's Literary
Doctrine," Modern Philology, XXXII (1934), pp. 193-2 10 ; B.
Croce, "La Letteratura come 'espressione della societa,' " Problemi di
Estetica, Bari, 1910, pp. 56-60.
4. Cf., e.g., Havelock Ellis, A Study of British Genius, London, 1904
(revised ed., Boston, 1926); Edwin L. Clarke, American Men of
Letters: Their Nature and Nurture, New York, 191 6 ("Columbia
Studies in History, Economics, and Public Law," Vol. 72) ; A. Odin,
Genese des grands hommes, 2 vols., Paris, 1895.
5. Sakulin, N. P., Die russische Literatur, Wildpark-Potsdam, 1927 (in
Oskar Walzel's Handbuch der Literaturwissenschaft).
6. E.g., D. Blagoy, Sotsiologiya tvorchestva Pushkina (The Sociology of
Pushkin's Creation), Moscow, 193 1.
7. Herbert Schoeffler, Protestantismus und Literatur, Leipzig, 1922.
Questions of social provenience are obviously closely related to ques-
tions of early impressions, of the early physical and social milieu of
a writer. As Schoeffler has pointed out, the sons of country clergymen
did much to create the British pre-Romantic literature and taste of the
eighteenth century. Having lived in the country, almost literally in
the churchyard, they may well have been predisposed to a taste for
landscape and graveyard poetry, for ruminations on death and im-
mortality.