theoryofliteratu00inwell

340 Notes [pp. 244-248
25. Cf. Irving Babbitt, The New Laokoon, 1910.
The French poet Andre Chenier held the distinction between
genres to be a phenomenon of nature. In "L'Invention," he writes:
"La nature dicta vingt genres opposes
D'un fil leger entre eux chez les Grecs divises;
Nul genre, s'ecartant de ses bornes prescrites,
N'aurait ose d'un autre envahir les lijnites."
26. The social implications of the Renaissance genre hierarchy, long fa-
miliar, are specifically studied in Vernon Hall's Renaissance Literary
Criticism, New York, 1945.
27. Van Tieghem, op. cit., p. 99.
28. Cf., e.g., Warner F. Patterson's Three Centuries of Trench Poetic
Theory . . . , Ann Arbor, 1935, Part III, for a list of medieval verse
genres and sub-genres.
29. Viktor Shklovsky, "Art as Device," Theory of Prose, Moscow, 1925.
Cf. the article "Formalism," by R. Poggioli, in Shipley's Dictionary
of World Literature, p. 254, also Kridl's essay, "Russian Formalism,"
American Bookman, I (1944), pp. 19-30.
30. For the "rebarbarization" of literature, cf. the brilliant article, "Lit-
erature" by Max Lerner and Edwin Mims, Jr., Encyclopaedia of the
Social Sciences, IX (1933), pp. 523-43.
31. Andre Jolles, Einfache Formen, Halle, 1930. Jolles' list corresponds
roughly to the list of folk-types, or "forms of popular literature,"
studied by Alexander H. Krappe in his Scietice of Folk-Lore, London,
1930: the Fairy Tale, the Merry Tale (or Fabliau), the Animal
Tale, the Local Legend, the Migratory Legend, the Prose Saga, the
Proverb, the Folk-Song, the Popular Ballad, Charms, Rhymes, and
Riddles.
32. Ferdinand Brunetiere, L'Evolution des genres dans I'histoire de la
littirature . . . , Paris, 1898.
33. Van Tieghem, Helicon, I (1938), p. 99.
34. Vietor has held both positions in turn: cf. his Geschichte der deutschen
Ode (Munich, 1923) and "Probleme der literarischen Gattungsge-
schichte," cited above; also Giinther Miiller, "Bemerkungen zur Gat-
tungspoetik," Philosophischer Anzeiger, III (1929), pp. 129-47.
CHAPTER XVIII
Evaluation
I. S. C. Pepper, Basis of Criticism, Cambridge, Mass., 1 945, p. 33:
"Definition—as the qualitative criterion of aesthetic judgment deter-