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90 Chapter 2: ALL<br />

CONCLUSIONS<br />

Molecular remission after induction <strong>and</strong> consolidation chemotherapy is rare in<br />

patients with BCR-ABL +<br />

ALL. This is consistent with the clinical experience of<br />

rapid relapse after discontinuing chemotherapy. The rationale for in vitro purging<br />

is based on the evidence of residual leukemic cells in unpurged grafts. Event-free<br />

survival after <strong>autologous</strong> <strong>transplantation</strong> in BCR-ABL-positive ALL ranges<br />

between 20 <strong>and</strong> 30%. Patients do significantly worse if autografted beyond CR1.<br />

Thus, patients without an allogeneic donor should receive an autograft in first<br />

morphologic remission. Double <strong>autologous</strong> transplants are feasible with acceptable<br />

toxicity, but longer follow-up is needed to conclude that this approach affects long-<br />

term leukemia-free survival.<br />

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS<br />

We acknowledge the contribution of the dedicated hematologists participating<br />

in the GMALL trials who referred BCR-ABL +<br />

patients for <strong>autologous</strong> transplan­<br />

tation. This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Ho<br />

684/2-1).<br />

REFERENCES<br />

1. Bloomfield CD, Goldman AI, Alimena G, Berger R, Borgstrom GH, Br<strong>and</strong>t L, Catovsky<br />

D, De la Chapelle A, Dewald GW, Garson OM, et al.: Chromosomal abnormalities iden­<br />

tify high-risk <strong>and</strong> low-risk patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood 67:415^120,<br />

1986.<br />

2. Hoelzer D: Treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Semin Hematol 31:1-15, 1994.<br />

3. Seeker-Walker LM, Craig JM, Hawkins JM, Hoffbr<strong>and</strong> AV: Philadelphia positive acute<br />

lymphoblastic leukemia in adults: Age distribution, bcr breakpoint <strong>and</strong> prognostic sig­<br />

nificance. Leukemia 5:196-199, 1990.<br />

4. Maurer J, Jannsen JWG, Thiel E, van Denderen J, Ludwig WD, Aydemir Ü, Heinze B,<br />

Fonatsch C, Harbott J, Reiter A, Riehm H, Hoelzer D, Bartram CR: Detection of chimeric<br />

BCR-ABL genes in acute lymphoblastic leukemia by the polymerase chain reaction.<br />

Lancet 337:1055-1058, 1991.<br />

5. Hoelzer D: Therapy of the newly diagnosed adult with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.<br />

Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 7:139-160, 1993.<br />

6. Hoelzer D: The role of bone <strong>marrow</strong> <strong>transplantation</strong> in the management of Ph-positive<br />

acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adults. In: Dicke KA, Keating A (eds) Autologous<br />

Marrow <strong>and</strong> Blood Transplantation. Proceedings of the Eighth International Symposium,<br />

Arlington, Texas. Charlottesville, VA: Carden Jennings, 1997, p. 79-85.<br />

7. Barrett AJ, Horowitz MM, Ash RC, Atkinson K, Gale RP, Goldman JM, Henslee-Downey<br />

PJ, Herzig RH, Speck B, Zwaan FE, et al.: Bone <strong>marrow</strong> <strong>transplantation</strong> for Philadelphia

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