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690 Chapter 14: Radioimmunotherapy<br />

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS<br />

Red <strong>marrow</strong> dosimetry is subject to many assumptions, uncertainties, <strong>and</strong> everchanging<br />

dosimetric models. Despite these uncertainties <strong>and</strong> the difficulty of<br />

<strong>marrow</strong> dose calculations, studies have shown fair correlations between calculated<br />

dose <strong>and</strong> biologic response. Efforts are in progress to improve calculational internal<br />

dosimetry. Methods <strong>and</strong> parameters used in dose assessment should be consistent<br />

within an overall clinical study. Direct measurements of activity in <strong>marrow</strong> over<br />

time provide the most reliable data for <strong>marrow</strong> dosimetry. A <strong>marrow</strong> dose<br />

assessment will be more reliable if the residence time is determined from direct<br />

measurements of red <strong>marrow</strong> activity over time rather than by merely grouping<br />

<strong>marrow</strong> with remainder tissues as a target tissue.<br />

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS<br />

This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under<br />

contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830, by a support contract from NeoRx Corporation<br />

(Seattle, WA), <strong>and</strong> by National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute Grant<br />

CA44991 to the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (Seattle, WA). Pacific<br />

Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of<br />

Energy.<br />

REFERENCES<br />

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ery following administration of samarium-153-EDTMP. Antibody Immun Radiopharm<br />

4:263-270, 1988.<br />

2. Bayouth JE, Macey DJ: Dosimetry considerations of bone-seeking radionuclides for mar­<br />

row ablation. MedPhys 20:1089-1096, 1993.<br />

3. Matthews DC, Appelbaum FR, Eary JF, et al.: Development of a <strong>marrow</strong> transplant reg­<br />

imen for acute leukemia using targeted hematopoietic irradiation delivered by 1-131-<br />

labeled anti-CD-45 antibody, combined with cyclophosphamide <strong>and</strong> total body irradiation.<br />

Blood 85:1122-1131, 1995.<br />

4. Loevinger R, Budinger TF, Watson EE: MIRD Primer for Absorbed Dose Calculations.<br />

New York: The Society of Nuclear Medicine, 1991.<br />

5. National Council on Radiation Protection <strong>and</strong> Measurements: The experimental basis for<br />

absorbed dose calculations, NCRP Report No. 83. Bethesda, MD: National Council on<br />

Radiation Protection <strong>and</strong> Measurements, 1985, p. 18-19.<br />

6. Siegel JA, Wessels BW, Watson EE, et al.: Bone <strong>marrow</strong> dosimetry <strong>and</strong> toxicity for<br />

radioimmunotherapy. Antibody Immun Radiopharm 3:213-233, 1990.<br />

7. Siegel JA, Lee RE, Pawlyk DA, et al.: Sacral scintigraphy for bone <strong>marrow</strong> dosimetry in<br />

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