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Behavior of Hematopoietic Stem Cells <strong>and</strong><br />

Solid Tumor Cells During Ex Vivo Culture<br />

of Transplants From Human Blood<br />

Reinhard Henschler, Dieter Mobest, Alex<strong>and</strong>ros Spyrido<br />

Silvia-Renate Goan, Use Junghahn, Iduna Fichtner, Bernd<br />

Winfried Wels, Rol<strong>and</strong> Bosse, Julia Winkler,<br />

Rol<strong>and</strong> Mertelsmann, Gregor Schulz<br />

Department of Hematology/Oncology (R.H., DM., A.S., J.W., R.M., G.S.),<br />

University Medical Center, Freiburg; Max-Delbriick-Center for<br />

Molecular Medicine (S.-R.G., I.J., I.F.), Berlin; Institute for<br />

Experimental Cancer Research (B.G., W.W.), Freiburg;<br />

Cell Genix GmbH (R.B., G.S.), Freiburg, Germany<br />

ABSTRACT<br />

Ex vivo culture of human hematopoietic cells has been investigated in the<br />

context of <strong>blood</strong> progenitor cell <strong>transplantation</strong> to 1) purge tumor cells, 2) provide<br />

extended time for genetic manipulation of hematopoietic cells, <strong>and</strong> 3) selectively<br />

amplify progenitor or accessory cells that could serve as mediators of improved<br />

hematopoietic recovery or as a tool for immune modulation. We have developed a<br />

serum-free culture medium for ex vivo expansion of CD34 +<br />

-enriched <strong>blood</strong><br />

progenitor cells. When supplemented with hematopoietic growth factors<br />

interleukin (IL)-3, stem cell factor (SCF), <strong>and</strong> flt3-lig<strong>and</strong>, an approximately 100fold<br />

hematopoietic cell expansion is reached without additional manipulation<br />

within 7 to 10 days. Colony-forming progenitors are amplified at levels comparable<br />

to total cell numbers. Long-term culture-initiating cells (LTC-IC) also exp<strong>and</strong><br />

within 7 days, although to a lesser degree (about threefold). Injection of cultured<br />

cells at different culture periods into immune-deficient mice with the nonobese<br />

diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) phenotype revealed<br />

maintenance of repopulating cells for a culture period of up to 4 days, whereas most<br />

of the repopulating potential was lost by culture day 7. The potential use of ex vivo<br />

culture protocols to purge mammary tumor cells from <strong>autologous</strong> hematopoietic<br />

grafts was studied using freshly isolated or culture-enriched primary breast cancer<br />

cells. No influence of hematopoietic stimulatory cytokines was seen; however,<br />

addition of transforming growth factor (TGF)-B1 resulted in an effective depletion<br />

of both total <strong>and</strong> clonogenic breast cancer cells in serum-supplemented cultures.<br />

551

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