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Expression of C-ErbB-2/Her-2 in Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer Undergoing High-Dose Chemotherapy and Autologous Blood Stem Cell Support At Bewick, T. Chadderton, At Conlon, R. Lafrenie, D. Stewart, D. Morris, S. Gliick Northeastern Ontario Regional Cancer Centre (M.B., T.C., M.C., R.L.), Sudbury, Ontario; Laurentian University (R.L.), Sudbury, Ontario; University of Calgary, Tom Baker Cancer Centre (D.S., DM., S.G.), Calgary, Alberta. ABSTRACT C-erbB-2/HER-2 (designated HER-2) is overexpressed in both primary and metastatic breast cancer and has been shown to predict for poor prognosis. We investigated the expression of HER-2 in patients with metastatic breast cancer undergoing high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) with autologous blood stem cell (ABSC) support and correlated the presence (positive) or absence (negative) of HER-2 overexpression in these patients to response to treatment, progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). The level of HER-2 expression was analyzed in 57 patients with metastatic breast cancer undergoing HDCT with ABSC support. Plasma from peripheral blood was taken at three different time points during the course of treatment and was analyzed using an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) to detect circulating levels of the extracellular portion of HER- 2. HER-2 levels were found to be elevated (>0.2 U/mg protein) in 27 of 57 (47.4%) patients at one or more time points during treatment. The level of HER-2 varied during course of treatment. Following induction chemotherapy (ICT), five patients who were negative at the initial measurement showed overexpression of HER-2. Three patients overexpressed HER-2 only at the post-HDCT/ABSC measurement. Response rates to treatment was similar in patients independent of plasma HER-2 levels. Overexpression of HER-2 was associated with a significantly shorter PFS (P=0.004) and OS (P=0.003) following HDCT/ABSC. We conclude that overex pression of HER-2, measured by EIA in patient plasma, predicts a shorter PFS and OS in patients with metastatic breast cancer treated with HDCT and ABSC support. These data also suggest that optimal timing or several measurements of circulating HER-2 levels using EIA are necessary before HDCT to determine overexpression, since levels may vary during the course of treatment. 362
Bewick et al. 363 INTRODUCTION The proto-oncogene c-erbB-2/neu HER-2 resides on chromosome 17 and encodes a 185-kDa transmembrane glycoprotein (designated HER-2) with intracellular tyrosine kinase activity. 1 HER-2 is a member of the EGF growth factor receptor family which consists of four closely related family members: the EGF receptor (EGFR, ERBB1), HER-2 (ERBB2/NEU), HER-3 (ERBB3) and HER-4 (ERBB4). 2 Both homodimers and heterodimers are formed between the various family members mediating a complex system of signal transduction affecting both 2 - 6 cell proliferation and growth. The importance of these growth factor recept6rs on the growth and regulation of breast cancer has been clearly demonstrated. Overexpression and/or amplification of HER-2 has been found in 20-30% of primary breast tumors and to varying degrees in other cancers (ovarian, gastric, colorectal, lung, salivary, bladder, pancreas, endometrial, cervical, oral, and prostate). 7-12 Both HER-2 overexpression and gene amplification have been often found to correlate with decreased survival, particularly in patients with node-positive breast cancer. 7-14 ' 47 Although HER-2 oncoprotein overexpression correlates with a reduction in patient survival, only a few studies have evaluated the incidence of HER-2 overexpression in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) and examined whether increased levels of this protein indicates a poorer prognosis and/or reduced responsiveness to systemic treatment. 14-24 In these studies, 30-50% of patients with MBC have been shown to have elevated levels of circulating (plasma, serum) extracellular domain of HER-2. 14-19 Overexpression has been shown to correlate with an increased tumor burden and reduced survival. 14-161822-25 Since EIA is a relatively simple assay commonly used in clinical medicine, the possibility that elevated levels of extracellular HER-2 could indicate poor prognosis in patients with MBC is of particular interest. HDCT followed by ABSC support is rapidly becoming the preferred treatment for patients with MBC, high-risk stage II and III breast cancer in the U.S. 26 Little is known about the incidence of HER-2 gene overexpression in patients with MBC undergoing this treatment and whether increased levels of this protein indicates a poor prognosis and/or a reduced responsiveness to this treatment. In this retrospective study, we have examined the incidence of overexpression and changes in the levels of HER-2 protein in the plasma of 57 patients with advanced breast cancer treated with HDCT and ABSC support. Results were analyzed and correlated to response to treatment, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).
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AUTOLOGOUS BLOOD AND MARROW TRANSPL
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AUTOLOGOUS BLOOD AND MARROW TRANSPL
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We wish to thank Wi
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THE VAN BEKKUM STEM CELL AWARD Prof
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xii Table of Contents CHAPTER 2: AL
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xiv Table of Contents Late Non-Rela
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xvi Table of Contents Pretreatment
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xviii Table of Contents CHAPTER 7:
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XX Table of Contents Long-Term Obse
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xxii Table of Contents CHAPTER 13:
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0-9 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 2CDA 2-ch
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List of Abbreviations xxvii EFS eve
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List of Abbreviations MOPP mechlore
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VOD veno-occlusive disease VPC viru
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4HC-Purged Autologous Stem Cell Tra
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1.0-1 + 0.2 Miller et al. 5 Event F
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Miller et al. Adjusted probability
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Who Benefits From Autograft in AML
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Burnett 11 which to set the transpl
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Table 1. Outcome after relapse in M
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Immunotherapy in AML: No Positive E
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Simonsson et al. inhibit IL-2 induc
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Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantat
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Ball et al. 21 CD15) and AML-2-23 (
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Ball et al. 23 The ex vivo treatmen
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Ball et al. 25 Table 2. Factors inv
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Ball et al. Overall Survival for Pa
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Ball et al. Overall Survival for Pa
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Ball et al. 31 Overall Survival for
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Ball et al. Table 4. Actuarial over
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Ball et al. myeloid leukemia. The G
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Ball et al. 1993. 38. Mehta J, Powl
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Can Autologous Stem Cell Transplant
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De Witte et al. 41 novo AML. Auer r
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De Witte et al. hematopoietic engra
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De Witte et al. 23. Fenaux P, Laï
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Stein et al. and fever. No patient
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Stein et al. after doses 1, 3, and
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Stein et al. early after the transp
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autologous stem-cell rescue. / Clin
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Bone Marrow Transplantation for Acu
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Table 2. Autologous BMT in ALL in f
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Rowe 61 or adult patients with acut
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Hoelzer and Gôkbuget minitransplan
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Hoelzer and Gdkbuget 65 blood, earl
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Table 3. Risk factors for the defin
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Hoelzer and Gôkbuget treatment opt
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Hoeker and Gökbuget tical sibling
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Sierra et al. INTRODUCTION Two-thir
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Sierra et al. Table 2. Adverse char
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1,0 0,0 J Sierra et al. 0 20 40 60
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Sierra et al. Months Figure 4 < 30,
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Sierra et al. No adverse factors (n
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1994. Sierra et al. 83 10. Canals C
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Martin, Atta, and Hoelzer 85 adult
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Martin, Atta, and Hoelzer 87 Single
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100. Martin, Atta, and Hoelzer 89 P
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Martin, Atta, and Hoelzer 91 chromo
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Autologous vs. Unrelated Allogeneic
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Boyer and Yeager 95 outcomes after
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Boyer and Y eager 97 Table 2. Hypot
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Boyer and Y eager SUMMARY Most of t
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CHAPTER 3 CML
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Autograft Followed by Allograft Wit
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106 Chapter 3: CML (one low-grade a
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108 Chapter 3: CML DISCUSSION Myelo
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110 Chapter 3: CML Philadelphia-neg
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The Case for Manipulation of CML Au
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Toward a Cure by Drug Treatment? Th
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116 Chapter 3 :CML Table 1. Prolong
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118 Chapter 3: CML Table 3. German
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120 Chapter 3: CML Table 5. Normal
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122 Chapter 3: CML Table 8. Surviva
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124 Chapter 3: CML 88:3118-3122, 19
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126 Chapter 3: CML RK, Klingemann H
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The Tyrphostin AG957 Inhibits the I
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130 Chapter 3: CML mobilization. Al
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132 Chapter 3: CML A B 100 n 0 1 5
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134 Chapter 3: CML The in vitro sel
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136 Chapter 3: CML detecting leukem
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Progressive Hodglcin's Lymphoma Fol
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Reece et al. survival is observed i
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0.2 -I 0.0 0 Reece et al. 143 ii i
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Reece et al. Table 3. Causes of non
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Reece et al. carmustine, etoposide
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CD34 + Selection of Hematopoietic B
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Lazarus et al. 151 significantly de
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Lazarus et al. 153 (Sigma, St Louis
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Lazarus et al. 155 Table 2. Effect
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Lazarus et al. 157 difference. Furt
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Lazarus et al. 159 cells after myel
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The European CUP/UP Trial: A Prelim
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Table 1. Patient characteristics at
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Schouten et al. licular non-Hodgkin
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Sweetenham et al. vs. autologous pe
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Table 1. Patient characteristics, g
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Table 2. Patient characteristics, g
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Table 3. Sites of relapse, group A
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Table 4. Patterns of relapse, group
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A 100 80 %OS 60 40 20 B 100 %OS | S
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Sweetenham et al. new sites, and fi
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Sweetenham et al. Treatment options
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Molecular Remission: A Worthwhile A
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Early or Late Autotransplant in Hig
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Schenkein et al. 187 PATIENTS AND M
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Schenkein et al. 189 Toxicity Toxic
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Schenkein et al. 191 16. Glick JH,
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Santini et al. 193 to evaluate the
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Table 1. Continued Santini et al. 1
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Santini et al. 197 cytosine arabino
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1 0 0 1 90- 80- 70- (0 u. 60' o so-
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Hodgkin's lymphoma. N EnglJ Med 333
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CHAPTER 5 MYELOMA
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206 Chapter 5: Myeloma independent
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208 Chapter 5: Myeloma disease (MRD
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210 Chapter 5: Myeloma Scandinavia,
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212 Chapter 5: Myeloma (0 n o B co
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214 Chapter 5: Myeloma B cq d ? o c
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216 Chapter 5: Myeloma patients wit
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218 Chapter 5: Myeloma PBSC transpl
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220 Chapter 5: Myeloma 25. Seiden M
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Autologous Transplantation in Multi
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224 Chapter 5: Myeloma 0 52 44 U §
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226 Chapter 5: Myeloma BM ^ (CD34±
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228 Chapter 5: Myeloma IFM 94 : OS
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230 Chapter 5: Myeloma two groups a
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232 Chapter 5: Myeloma increase bot
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234 Chapter 5: Myeloma REFERENCES 1
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236 Chapter 5: Myeloma Intensified
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238 Chapter 5: Myeloma of CD34 + ce
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Chapter 5: Myeloma Table 2. Descrip
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242 Chapter 5: Myeloma o 8H 0 2 4 6
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244 Chapter 5: Myeloma ated with sh
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The Presence of Micrometastases in
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Kvalheim et al. 249 Table 1. Immuno
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Kvalheim et al. 251 Figure 1. Sixty
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Kvalheim et al. 253 DISCUSSION In t
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Kvalheim et al. 255 Bastert G: Micr
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Hood et al. 257 In an effort to inc
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#CD34 + cells in blood = Hood et al
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Hood et al. 261 Table 3. Frequency
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Hood et al. 263 REFERENCES 1. Rill
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The Clinical Significance of Breast
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Moss et al. tests, and bilateral po
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Moss et al. 269 0 15 70 143 200 400
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Moss et al. 271 0 3 6 12 18 24 30 3
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Moss et al. 273 8. Passos-Coelho J,
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Autotransplantation for Men With Br
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McCarthy et al. 277 radiation, two
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High Dose Sequential Chemotherapy W
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Viens et al. 281 3 g/m 2 and doxoru
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Table 1. Tumor characteristics Exte
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Table 4. Response Viens et al. 285
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Viens et al. 287 Table 5. Pathologi
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Viens et al. 289 apy for inoperable
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Gliick et al. 291 INTRODUCTION The
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Gluck et al. 293 RESULTS Patient de
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Glück et al. 295 Table 3. Response
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Gluck et al. 297 Overall Survival O
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Gluck et al. 299 Sudbury patients w
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Gluck et al. 301 anthracycline or t
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Repetitive High-Dose Therapy With P
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Prince et al. paramagnetic separati
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Prince et al. Table 1. High-dose re
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Table 2. Patient characteristics (n
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412 Chapter 7: Solid Tumors ogous b
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414 Chapter 7: Solid Tumors 64. Bru
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416 Chapter 7: Solid Tumors Prignot
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418 Chapter 7: Solid Tumors CO > CO
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420 Chapter 7: Solid Tumors TANDEM
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Multiple Courses of Cyclophosphamid
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424 Chapter 7: Solid Tumors and the
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426 Chapter 7: Solid Tumors Thiotep
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428 Chapter 7: Solid Tumors Table 2
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430 Chapter 7: Solid Tumors E 100 0
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432 Chapter 7: Solid Tumors course
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434 Chapter 7: Solid Tumors boplati
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436 Chapter 7: Solid Tumors INTRODU
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438 - Chapter 7: Solid Tumors Table
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440 Chapter 7: Solid Tumors seeded
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442 Chapter 7: Solid Tumors DISCUSS
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444 Chapter 7: Solid Tumors 10. Di
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446 Chapter 7: Solid Tumors plasma
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Autologous Stem Cell Transplantatio
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Keystone 451 hypertension, anemia,
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Fassas et al. 453 INTRODUCTION Mult
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Fassas et al. Table 2. Stem cell mo
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Table 3. Toxicity after stem cell i
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Fassas et al. Table 5. Trial 1: cha
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Fassas et al. MS PROGRESSION FREE S
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Fassas et al. ic or autologous bone
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1 2 1 6 EAE. Burt et al. 465 Becaus
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Burt et al. Since cyclophosphamide
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Burt et al. 469 toxicity study, we
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Burt et dl. All 23. Mor F, Cohen IR
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Hasler, Gratwohl, and Tyndall an ev
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Hasler, Gratwohl, and Tyndall 475 B
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Kuis, Wulffraat, and Sanders 477 st
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Kuis, Wulffraat, and Sanders neousl
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CHAPTER 9 LONG-TERM EFFECTS
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484 Chapter 9: Long-Term Effects po
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486 Chapter 9: Long-Term Effects Ta
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488 Chapter 9: Long-Term Effects ml
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490 Chapter 9: Long-Term Effects 4.
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492 Chapter 9: Long-Term Effects us
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494 Chapter 9: Long-Term Effects AB
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498 Chapter 9: Long-Term Effects En
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500 Chapter 9: Long-Term Effects Rl
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502 Chapter 9: Long-Term Effects RE
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504 Chapter 9: Long-Term Effects A,
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Long-Term Follow-Up of Autologous T
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CHAPTER 10 GRAFT MANIPULATION
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514 Chapter 10: Graft Manipulation
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Stem Cell Reinfusion Over Two Conse
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Final Report of the First Prospecti
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Canine Hematopoietic Stem Allograft
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Sandmaier et al. 603 The resultant
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Sandmaier et al. 605 synthesis path
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Sandmaier et al. 607 interactions o
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Sandmaier et al. 1991. 2. Burchenal
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87:3508-3513,1996. Sandmaier et al.
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Giralt, Khouri, and Champlin Table
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Giralt, Khouri, and Champlin seven
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1.0 3 0.2 Giralt, Khouri, and Champ
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CHAPTER 12 GENE THERAPY
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622 Chapter 12: Gene Therapy INTROD
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624 Chapter 12: Gene Therapy RESULT
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626 Chapter 12: Gene Therapy envisi
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628 Chapter 12: Gene Therapy cer in
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A Vaccine of Melanoma Peptide Loade
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B43(anti-CD 19)-Gen i stein Immunot
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Targeting Immunotherapy for the Tre
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McGuinness andArceci 637 modified m
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McGuinness andArceci 639 leukemic c
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McGuinness and Arced 641 in G418. T
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McGuinness andArceci 643 Figure 2
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mRNA for hB7-1 (1491 bp) mRNA for C
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McGuinness and Arced CD80PE C080PE
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McGuinness andArceci 649 8. Robert
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McGuinness andArceci immune respons
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McGuinness andArceci 75. Jubinsky F
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Slavin et al. 655 up suggests, as p
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Slavin et al. 657 was a phase lib c
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Slavin et al. presented, appears to
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Antitumor Immunotherapy in Autologo
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Klingemann et al. 663 Table 3. Meth
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CHAPTER 14 RADIOIMMUNOTHERAPY
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668 Chapter 14: Radioimmunotherapy
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Selection of Radioisotopes, Chelate
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Radioimmunotherapy of Common Epithe
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CHAPTER 15 NEW AVENUES
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698 Chapter 15: New Avenues Table 1
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700 Chapter 15: New Avenues An alte
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702 Chapter 15: New Avenues who can
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704 Chapter 15: New Avenues myeloid
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706 Chapter 15: New Avenues 48. Gir
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Emerging Viral Infections in Blood
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710 Chapter 15: New Avenues influen
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712 Chapter 15: New Avenues Among a
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714 Chapter 15: New Avenues physica
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716 Chapter 15: New Avenues respira
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Minimal Therapy Models of Transplan
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CHAPTER 16 SUMMARIES
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724 Chapter 16: Summaries although
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726 Chapter 16: Summaries use of po
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728 Chapter 16: Summaries Table 1.
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736 Chapter 16: Summaries IL-15. Th
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738 Chapter 16: Summaries Patterns
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740 List of Participants Thomas L.
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742 List of Participants Sergio A.
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744 List of Participants Hans Marti
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746 List of Participants David P. S
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748 List of Participants AUTHOR IND
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750 Author Index Hurd, D.D. 483 Kui
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752 Author Index Stiff, Patrick J.
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754 Key Word Index Hematologic mali
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ISBN 1-891524-04-6
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