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Rosti et al. 357<br />

The new Italian Study on<br />

metastatic disease (upfront)<br />

CTX7gr/sqm VCR 1.4 mg/sqm Epi 120 mg/sqm CDDP 100 mg/sqm L-pam 140 mg/sqm<br />

MTX 8 gr/sqm<br />

VP 120 mg/sqm x 3 TT 500 mg/sqm<br />

+ filgrastim<br />

days 0 18<br />

(LK = Leukapheresis)<br />

1<br />

LK I<br />

+ filgrastim<br />

PBPC+ filgrastim<br />

25/40 56 80<br />

Figure 5« The new high-dose sequential Italian study for naive metastatic patients.<br />

status (Fig. 5). Patients are initially treated with high-dose cyclophosphamide 7<br />

g/m 2<br />

, followed by hematopoietic growth factors, <strong>and</strong> at the time of full hematological<br />

recovery, vincristine followed by high-dose methotrexate rescued by folinic<br />

acid is delivered. This is followed by two courses of high-dose epirubicin to<br />

mobilize PBPCs. The choice of this mobilizing schedule <strong>and</strong> sequence lies in the<br />

theoretical possibility of an in vivo purging effect of cyclophosphamide <strong>and</strong><br />

methotrexate as well as employing a safe <strong>and</strong> effective mobilization regimen that<br />

has been extensively tested in Italy. 4<br />

After a course of cisplatin <strong>and</strong> etoposide,<br />

patients undergo a conditioning regimen with high-dose thiotepa <strong>and</strong> melphalan.<br />

Total inpatient length of stay for the entire program is in the range of 20 days, <strong>and</strong><br />

all mobilizations, so far, have been conducted as outpatient procedures. As of July<br />

1998, 40 patients have been treated with a toxic death rate of 0%, while stomatitis<br />

grade III or IV (World Health Organization [WHO] criteria) occurs in 75% of the<br />

high-dose bialkylator courses.<br />

CHEMOTHERAPY FOR HIGH-RISK OPERABLE BREAST CANCER (ADJUVANT)<br />

High-dose chemotherapy in the adjuvant setting was introduced in Europe<br />

slightly later than in North America, but generally with a lower number of positive<br />

axillary nodes as an entry criterion compared to U.S. trials. From the phase II<br />

studies that have been published so far, interesting results have been produced by<br />

the National Cancer Institute in Milan 3<br />

with 57% disease-free survival at a follow-

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