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Klingemann et al. 663<br />

Table 3. Methods of providing dendritic cells with specific antigens<br />

• Extracts from tumor cell lysates<br />

- acid elution of peptides<br />

- freeze/thaw purified tumor cell proteins<br />

- Heat shock protein (HSP)-peptide complexes<br />

• Exposure to apoptotic cells<br />

• Generation of dendritic cells from malignant CD34 cells<br />

• Fusion or coculture of dendritic cells with tumor cells<br />

• Transfection of dendritic cells with tumor cell RNA or cDNA of tumor associated<br />

antigens (TAA)<br />

An LAK-like cell line has recently been cloned (NK-92). 9,10<br />

It can readily be<br />

exp<strong>and</strong>ed ex vivo under serum-free conditions. On average, it is 20 times more<br />

cytolytic against tumor target cells than LAK cells, <strong>and</strong> it kills a broader range of<br />

tumor target cells due to the lack of KIR (kill cell inhibitory receptor), which inhibits<br />

the function of NK cells on contact with HLA on tumor targets. Studies in SCID<br />

mice performed at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center <strong>and</strong> in our laboratory<br />

have shown that mice inoculated with AML or melanoma have a significantly<br />

prolonged survival when treated with NK-92 cells. 1112<br />

Since the original NK-92<br />

cells are IL-2-dependent, variants have been generated by transfecting the IL-2<br />

gene. The IL-2-independent variants have been named NK-92ci <strong>and</strong> NK-92mi. 13<br />

Although some of the immunotherapies after <strong>autologous</strong> bone <strong>marrow</strong><br />

transplant are promising, no single approach has yet demonstrated convincing<br />

benefit to generally recommend its integration into posttransplant management.<br />

REFERENCES<br />

1. Kennedy J, Vogelsang G, Jones R, Farmer E, Hess A, Altomonte V, Huelskamp A,<br />

Davidson N: Phase I trial of interferon gamma to potentiate cyclosporine-induced graft-<br />

versus-host disease in women undergoing <strong>autologous</strong> bone <strong>marrow</strong> <strong>transplantation</strong> for<br />

breast cancer. / Clin Oncol 12:249-257, 1994.<br />

2. Gryn J, Johnson E, Goldman N, Devereux L, Grana G, Hageboutros A, Fern<strong>and</strong>ez E,<br />

Constantinou C, Harrer W, Viner E, Goldberg J: The treatment of relapsed or refractory<br />

intermediate grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with <strong>autologous</strong> bone <strong>marrow</strong> transplan­<br />

tation followed by cyclosporine <strong>and</strong> interferon. Bone Marrow Transplant 19:221-226,<br />

1997.<br />

3. Foa R, Meloni G, Tosti S, Novarino A, Fenu S, Gavosto F, M<strong>and</strong>elli F: Treatment of acute<br />

myeloid leukemia patients with recombinant interleukin-2: A pilot study. Br J Haematol<br />

77:491^196,1991.<br />

4. Attal M, Blaise D, Marit G, Payen C, Michallet M, Vernant J, Sauvage C, Troussard X,<br />

Nedellec G, Pico J, Huguet F, Stoppa A, Broustet A, Sotto J, Pris J, Maraninchi D,<br />

Reiffers J, for the BGMT Group: Consolidation treatment of adult acute lymphoblastic

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