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Radioimmunotherapy for Malignant Lymphoma<br />

Leo L Gordon<br />

Northwestern University Medical School<br />

The results of radiolabeled monoclonal antibody therapy for malignant<br />

lymphoma will be reviewed. Data (N Engl J Med 329:459-465, 1993) on the use<br />

of radioactive iodine labeled to anti-B 1 antibody suggest that patients can have<br />

durable responses with mild or moderate myelosuppression. The background <strong>and</strong><br />

history of radiolabeled monoclonal antibody therapy is reviewed. Data utilizing<br />

Y2B8 (yttrium-90 anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody) are then provided. A multiinstitution<br />

study for patients with B cell low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is<br />

reviewed. Patients with low-grade lymphoma > second relapse or relapse after<br />

anthracycline-regimen were eligible, as were patients with intermediate-grade<br />

lymphoma who were in first relapse. Patients with first relapse were eligible for<br />

study. Patients were required to have bidimensionally measurable disease <strong>and</strong> those<br />

with a platelet count >100,000 <strong>and</strong> an ANC of >1500 with less than 25% bone<br />

<strong>marrow</strong> involvement were eligible. Patients were excluded if they had prior<br />

myeloablative therapy, prior radioimmunotherapy, CNS lymphoma, AIDS-related<br />

lymphoma, or prior external beam radiation therapy to >25% of active bone<br />

<strong>marrow</strong>. There were 39 patients évaluable for response. Twenty-five had low-grade<br />

lymphoma, 11 had intermediate-grade disease, <strong>and</strong> three had mantle cell<br />

lymphoma. The complete response rate was 20% in patients with low-grade<br />

lymphoma <strong>and</strong> -10% in patients with intermediate-grade lymphoma. The overall<br />

response rate, including partial responses, was -80% in low-grade lymphoma <strong>and</strong><br />

45% in intermediate-grade lymphoma. Data on dosimetry <strong>and</strong> correlation of<br />

dosimetry with tumor uptake is provided. The major toxicity was mild to moderate<br />

myelosuppression, <strong>and</strong> there was no renal, hepatic, pulmonary, or other organ<br />

dysfunction. Radiation exposure to organs was acceptable as determined by<br />

dosimetry <strong>and</strong> lack of significant normal organ toxicity. There was a low incidence<br />

(3.5%) of HAMA/HACA. These <strong>and</strong> other data suggest that radiolabeled<br />

monoclonal antibody therapy has a role to play in the treatment of recurrent<br />

malignant lymphoma. Better results are seen in patients with low-grade lymphoma,<br />

but the role of this treatment in intermediate- or high-grade lymphomas remains to<br />

be determined.<br />

693

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