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Jordan et al.<br />

In preclinical studies, the only apparent shortcoming of this approach was that<br />

permanent cures were limited to instances in which tumor burden was relatively<br />

low. Thus, this strategy appears ideal in the context of an adjuvant setting, where<br />

tumor remission has already been induced by st<strong>and</strong>ard chemotherapy. In this<br />

scenario, the tumor-specific CTLs that are induced by the vaccine are only required<br />

to maintain a state of remission rather than attack an advanced malignancy.<br />

Furthermore, because tumor cells that do regrow in a relapsed leukemia patient are<br />

more likely to be drug resistant than cells that occur at presentation, 21<br />

an induced<br />

CTL response may be particularly useful in this context. Finally, leukemia is also<br />

a potentially good general model for immunotherapy because, as a liquid tumor, it<br />

allows easy access to large numbers of tumor cells <strong>and</strong> lymphocytes. This feature<br />

allows for a variety of ex vivo manipulations.<br />

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627

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