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Syrian-born astrophysician Rim Turkmani <strong>of</strong> Imperial College<br />

believes that Arab and Muslim science had a pr<strong>of</strong>ound influence on <strong>the</strong><br />

West during <strong>the</strong> Renaissance. In <strong>the</strong> 17th century, European scientists even<br />

gave written references in Arabic and Persian. They translated Arabic<br />

scientific texts. Edmond Halley – <strong>of</strong> comet fame – translated two Arabic<br />

books into English, and wrote an essay on <strong>the</strong> ma<strong>the</strong>matician al-Battani,<br />

<strong>the</strong> ‘Arabic Ptolemy’. Chemist Robert Boyle studied <strong>the</strong> works <strong>of</strong> Jabir bin<br />

Hayan. “At <strong>the</strong> time <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Renaissance and <strong>the</strong> scientific revolution,”<br />

Turkmani told <strong>the</strong> newspaper L’Orient Le Jour, “…Western scientists<br />

recognized <strong>the</strong> Arab contribution and cited Arabic works.”<br />

But today, no-one talking about Halley or Boyle refers to <strong>the</strong>ir debt to<br />

Arab scientists. Turkmani won’t give any reason for this. Perhaps we<br />

should reassess our debt to Arab scientists by understanding our history a<br />

little better. Why did <strong>the</strong> Arabs disappear from ‘our’ science? Because <strong>the</strong>y<br />

didn’t bridge that gap between writing and <strong>the</strong> spoken word? Or because<br />

we Westerners suddenly discovered ‘Orientalism’, <strong>the</strong> suspicious Muslim<br />

‘o<strong>the</strong>r’ which still dominates our lives?<br />

“…and <strong>the</strong> word was with God,” we are told. It’s a moot point.<br />

Health, Education, Science and Welfare:<br />

Fluctuating Environment May Have Driven Human Evolution<br />

The researchers examined lake sediments from Olduvai Gorge in nor<strong>the</strong>rn Tanzania,<br />

looking for biomarkers -- fossil molecules -- from ancient trees and grasses. (Credit: Gail<br />

Ashley)

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