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By<br />

George Monbiot<br />

Greenpeace activists and supporters along with o<strong>the</strong>r non-governmental<br />

organizations protest outside <strong>the</strong> Global Business <strong>Day</strong> conference in Durban.<br />

World talks on climate change struggled to overcome a rift on <strong>the</strong> future <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> Kyoto Protocol with less than three days left to secure a deal.<br />

Humankind’s greatest crisis coincides with <strong>the</strong> rise <strong>of</strong> an ideology<br />

that makes it impossible to address. By <strong>the</strong> late 1980s, when it became<br />

clear that manmade climate change endangered <strong>the</strong> living planet and its<br />

people, <strong>the</strong> world was in <strong>the</strong> grip <strong>of</strong> an extreme political doctrine, whose<br />

tenets forbid <strong>the</strong> kind <strong>of</strong> intervention required to arrest it.<br />

Neoliberalism, also known as market fundamentalism or laissez-faire<br />

economics, purports to liberate <strong>the</strong> market from political interference. The<br />

state, it asserts, should do little but defend <strong>the</strong> realm, protect private<br />

property and remove barriers to business. In practice it looks nothing like<br />

this. What neoliberal <strong>the</strong>orists call shrinking <strong>the</strong> state looks more like<br />

shrinking democracy: reducing <strong>the</strong> means by which citizens can restrain<br />

<strong>the</strong> power <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> elite. What <strong>the</strong>y call “<strong>the</strong> market” looks more like <strong>the</strong><br />

interests <strong>of</strong> corporations and <strong>the</strong> ultra-rich(1). Neoliberalism appears to be<br />

little more than a justification for plutocracy.<br />

The doctrine was first applied in Chile in 1973, as former students <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> University <strong>of</strong> Chicago, schooled in Milton Friedman’s extreme<br />

prescriptions and funded by <strong>the</strong> CIA, worked alongside General Pinochet<br />

to impose a programme that would have been impossible in a democratic

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