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achelor’s degree had a 7.1 percent jobless rate in 2011, while <strong>the</strong> white<br />

rate was 3.9 percent, according to <strong>the</strong> Bureau <strong>of</strong> Labor Statistics.<br />

Similarly, black workers with only a high school education had a<br />

jobless rate <strong>of</strong> 15.5 percent, while similarly educated white workers had an<br />

unemployment rate <strong>of</strong> 8.4 percent.<br />

Black workers in computer and ma<strong>the</strong>matical occupations — which<br />

job-training <strong>of</strong>ficials say are hard to fill — had an 8.1 percent jobless rate<br />

last year, while for whites <strong>the</strong> rate was 4.1 percent. Among construction<br />

workers, who were hard hit by <strong>the</strong> recession, <strong>the</strong> black jobless rate was<br />

30.4 percent, compared with 15.3 percent for whites.<br />

“The 2-to-1 gap in <strong>the</strong> unemployment rate is one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> most<br />

pronounced signs <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> presence <strong>of</strong> discrimination in our society,” said<br />

William A. Darity, a pr<strong>of</strong>essor at Duke University. “That disparity, I think,<br />

is an index <strong>of</strong> discrimination.”<br />

A 2009 study published in <strong>the</strong> Journal <strong>of</strong> Labor Economics,<br />

supported that point. After examining more than two years <strong>of</strong> personnel<br />

data from a large retail chain, researchers found that white, Hispanic and<br />

Asian managers tend to hire fewer blacks and more whites than did black<br />

managers.<br />

In addition, racial audit tests <strong>of</strong> employers consistently find that when<br />

identically credentialed people apply for jobs, whites are much more likely<br />

to be contacted for an interview and hired.<br />

Keith A. Owens, 54, has been looking for work since losing his job<br />

last year as communications director for <strong>the</strong> Wayne County treasurer’s<br />

<strong>of</strong>fice in Michigan. A former award-winning journalist, he has applied for<br />

“40 or 50 or 60 jobs” with no luck. He has managed to scrape by playing<br />

guitar with a band and working with his wife’s firm, Writing It Right for<br />

You. Read More<br />

Labor:<br />

Economy:<br />

Latest eurozone summit ends in stalemate

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