Freedom, Society, and State - Ludwig von Mises Institute

See my "Class Analysis and Economic Systems," The
Libertarian Forum (October 1975), pp. 5-7. The same
theme is pursued further in my "Karl Marx, Benjamin
Tucker and Class Ana lys is," (Paper Presented at the
Libertarian Scholars Conference, October 22-24,1976,
New York, New York.)
( 4 6 ) Gera 1 d Ve r reman, "The Con c e p t 0 f Ca s t e ," The
International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences (New
York: Macmillan, 1968), vol. 2, pp. 333-39. There are,
of course, other characteristics, such as heredity, but
rigidity Beems to be the most important.
( 47 ) See Thoma s S owe I I, E thn i c Amer i ca (N ew Yor k :
Bas i c Boo k s, 19 81 ) • On the use 0 f e con om i csta tis tics
bearing on the issue of upward mobility-see Thomas
Sowell, KnOWledge and Decisions (New York: Basic
Books, 1980), pp. 344 and 364-66.
(48)Gaetano Mosca, The Ruling Class (New York:
McGraw-Hill, 1939), p. 50.
(49)Kenneth Prewitt and Alan Stone, The Ruling
Elites (New York: Harper and Row, 1973), pp. 136-37.
(50) See ibid., pp. 137-38; Michael Parenti,
Dern 0 c r a c y for the Few ( New Yo r k: St. Ma r tin's, 19 7 7 ) ,
pp. 34- 35; Thomas Dye and Harmon Zeigler, The Irony of
Dem0 c r a c y (M 0 n t ere y, Ca 1.: Dux bur y, 19 8 1 ), PP • 29 - 64 ,
and Albert Jay Nock, Our Enemy.
(51)Prewitt and Stone, pp. 143-44.
( 5 2 ) Ant h 0 n y 0 \0 w n s, An E con om i c The 0 r y 0 f
Democracy (New York: Harper and Row, 1957).
(53)Donald Wittman, "Parties as Utility
Maximizers," American Political Science Review (June
1973), pp. 490-98. Fig. 5 is taken from p. 497.
(54)See Dye and Zeigler, p. 191.
( 5 5 ) Down s, pp. 2 0 7 -76 • AIso see Go r don Tu 11 0 c k ,
Toward a Mathernat i cs of Pol it ics (Ann Arbor:
University of Michigan Press, 1967), pp. 82-143.
(56)See David Truman, The Governmental Process
(New York: Alfred Knopf, 1951); Robert Dahl, Who
Governs? (New Haven: Yale, 1962); and Earl Latham,
The Group Basis of Politics (New York: Octagon Books,
1965).
(57)E.E. Schattschneider, The Semisovereign
P e 0 pie (H ill s dale, I 1 1 .: Dry den Pre s s, 197 5), pp.
34-35. (58)Alfred Cuzan, "Political Profit: Taxing and
Spending in the Hierarchical State," American Journal
of Economics and Sociology (July 1981), pp. 265-71.
(59) See Gabriel Kolko, The Triumph of
Conservatism (Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1967);
Gab r i elK 0 1 k 0 "P 0 we ran d Cap italismin 20 t h Cen t ur y
America," Liberation (December 1970), pp. 21-26; D.
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