Freedom, Society, and State - Ludwig von Mises Institute

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2. The Defense of Private Property: Natural Rights Versus Utilitarianism 56 3. The Implications of Universal Private Property 62 III. The State as a Caste Institution 1. The·Origin of the State 2. The Persistence of the State 3. The Gr'owth of the State a. Democracy b. War c. Economic Intervention 4. The Total State 5. Who Rules the State? 6. Comments and Evaluation IV. The State, Imperialism, and War 73 73 79 82 83 86 87 88 93 95 117 1. Three Theories of Imperialism 119 a. Autarky 119 b. Planned Scarcity 121 c. Inflation 125 d. Imperialism and Popular Support 127 2. Evaluations 131 a. Is the United States Imperialistic? 131 b. Analysis of the Theories of Imperialism 135 3. Conclusion 140 Part Two: The Individualist Anarchist Paradigm VI 149
V. Some Justification for the State 1. The Argument from the Common Good a. The Totalist Common Good b. The Personalist Common Good 2. The Argument from Necessity 3. The Argument from Convenience 4. The Argument from Natural Rights 5. The Argument from Utility 6. The Argument from Liberation 7. The Argument from Economic Justice 8. Conclusion VI. Philosophical Anarchism 151 151 151 155 157 158 159 160 165 168 170 177 1. Josiah Warren and the Outlines for Individual Sovereignty 180 2. William B. Greene and Currency and Banking Reform 189 3. Joshua K. of Land Ingalls and the Ownership 195 4. Benjamin Tucker, Lysander Spooner and the Provision of Police and Court Services 198 5. Tucker and His Journal, "Libertyff: Philosophical Anarchism Matured 208 6. Conclusions: The Decline of Philosophical Anarchism 211 VII. The Politico-Economic Perspective of Individualist Anarchism V) ) 221
Page 1 and 2: FREEDOM, SOCIETY AND THESTATE An In
Page 3: To Emmy iii
Page 11 and 12: FORWARD by William O. Reichert Prof
Page 13 and 14: o lie s 0 f we a I t h t hat h a v
Page 20: contrary, it would not be too stron
Page 23: 1. THE EOONCNIC SPECTRUM OF ANARCHI
Page 26: will become practically indistingui
Page 29 and 30: Proudhon. And again, "Instead of la
Page 33: ished or expelled from the Union. A
Page 38 and 39: he sees no reason why government wo
Page 40: law" on non-monopolistic mechanisms
Page 46: logic of the Beairdian analysis, ev
Page 51: tal of nations, and of ages ••
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welfare state such as John Rawls. B
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ma j 0 r rep res en tat i v e fig u
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aut h 0 r 's Ene m i e s 0 f the Pe
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power s 0 f go ver nme n t can be r
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ish." Second, it is argued that "It
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natural law that develops the conce
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e it he r on his own proper ty or o
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FOOTNOTES {I )Alexander Berkman, AB
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Egalitarianism As A Revolt Against
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CHAPTER II I The Stale IS I Casle I
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con t r a s t toth0 searea s suehas
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tain a perpetual flux.(12) But rega
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latter is the embodiment of violenc
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individual liberty is subordinated
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that is so characteristic a feature
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qui tel 0 g i c a I I y con c Iuded
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I a t ion. T his ex p I a ins s u c
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5. WHO RULES THE STATE? It is clear
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6. COMMENTS AND EVALUATION Before e
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One must admit that it is an accura
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Responsiveness D ------------- W D'
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u n b a I a needin f a v0 r 0 f a (
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able to the majority." Human Action
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III, "From Laissez-Faire to Zwangsw
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T. Armantano, The Myths of Antitrus
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tion for the phenomenon of imperial
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isks of competition and to institu'
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pIe and interest to the government
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question then becomes "why the majo
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pol icy. But this, of course, is no
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determine and an examination of thi
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ev i dence is abundan t and the can
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Imperialism in 1891, cd. T. Greene'
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u. S. T r a de," and Ge 0 f f r e y
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150
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i n t e r c han g e betweenthe t h
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obtained the declaration of the gen
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mands of the majority by including
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vided in John Lock's argument from
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Mulford Sibley pungently notes, thi
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i n d 00 r s, and an ext e r na I d
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for prevent ing abuse) that large p
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spons i b iIi ty .of insuring every
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FOOTNOTES (l)Plato, "The Crito," Gr
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(29)Or should render. Spencer unfor
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CHAPTER VI Philos 0phicaI Anarc his
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in the ir personal struggle. They a
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es p 0 n sib iii ties wh i c h rna
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another, thereby violating the latt
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produces poverty, and the fear of p
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lender would be el iminated, result
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fit the creditors in three ways: [1
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No power granted to the government,
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forcing the less productive land in
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4. BENJAMIN TUCKER, LYSANDER SPOONE
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the moral duty, of all other childr
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5 • TUCKER AND HIS JOURNAL, "L I
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6. CONCLUSION: THE DECLINE OF PHILO
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FOOTNOTES ( 1 ) F ran z 0 p pen h e
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American Heritage (February 1969),
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( 4 0 ) I nib i d . ,... p. 1 1 2
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(73)Lysander Spooner, "No Treason,
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chist advocates the sanctity of pri
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A common criticism of this type of
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issued, without more than a handful
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poi n t sout tit i s not en 0 ugh t
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T h us, for two reasons, the e cono
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Wh i let her e is, a dm itt e d I y
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itself coerCive, but either may be
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only "negative" but, as Hayek point
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Second, SInce one can define a conc
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a I' ," Cha r I es Murray has noted
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dIe and upper class individuals beg
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wage the unskilled might find jobs.
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endeavoring to gain access to the l
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desire to represent the views of th
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ere d t t e x pan s ton ereate s rn
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accused the minarchists of inconsis
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The ·individualist anarchist appea
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wr itt en, " The consis ten c y 0 f
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creat ing deficIencies elsewhere. T
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here. First, the use of imprecise c
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west Political Science Convention,
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to carry out the wishes of others.
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. Eminent Domain. If the r e we r e
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The i n d i v i d u a I has the rig
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qUIckly find hImself with few custo
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3. For the natural rights advocate
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ment expert has no incentive to rea
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What of the other option of making
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hand, these delays have caused 21,0
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ter to indirect exchange when indiv
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In shor t, 1 i ber tar ians do not
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at any particular time. It is the d
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and therei s nor e a son the Uti li
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The foregoing is a highly imaginati
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a1 either market or non-market -- m
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less likely' to subscrIbe to a comp
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market, probably fewer services tha
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(49 )M. Friedman t "Playboy Intervi
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( 88 ) See, for e x amp Ie, Rob e r
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CHAPTER IX Controlling Aggression:
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king but was a completely novel phe
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ficiency of the common law as the s
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u n til r e c e n t I Y c I e a n a
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is also far greater long run stabil
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que s t ion w i I I permit us tog0
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f e ri s e- s e r vic e s bot h nee
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or collective communities. As Jerom
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"Secondly and similarly, the two pa
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themselves and their customers from
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mer c han t I a w • Mer c han t s
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a SOcIety, not in which no institut
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Phi losopher Robert Nozick, as we h
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large SIze is associated with lower
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"Coercive acts are destructive of v
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incredible. Between 1919, when they
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i s t h us an aut oma tic pr 0 tee
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that i tma k e s little difference
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This doe s I' a i sea n i n t ere s
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is rigorously limited to the indivi
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national defense agencies strike me
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of the Ruhr in 1923. Later examples
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in, even sacr i f i ce themselves f
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(38)Hayek, p. 35. (39)See Robert No
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Nozick is a natural rights advocate
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(102)Rothbard, "War, Peace and the
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desirable. Order is a necessary ele
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"free" education for children; much
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G i v e n 0 u r b r i e f 0 v e r v
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F Fisher, J. Greevz, 194 Flynn, Joh
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Renshaw, Edward, 295 Ricardo, David
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Freedom, Society, and State - Ludwig von Mises Institute

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