Space Security Index

Space Security 2011
182
97 Report of the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, Fifty-third Session, 9-18 June 2010,
online: www.oosa.unvienna.org/pdf/gadocs/A_65_20E.pdf.
98 P. de Selding, “Satellite Operators Solicit Bids to Create Orbital Database,” Space News, 18
November 2009, online: www.spacenews.com/satellite_telecom/091118-satellite-rms-movingahead-orbital-database.html.
99 Ibid.
100 Peter de Selding, “Software Glitch Blamed for Turning Satellite into Space Zombie,” Space News,
13 January 2011, online: www.space.com/10622-electrostatic-discharge-zombie-satellite.html.
101 Peter de Selding, “Intelsat, SES Safely Negotiate Passage of Wayward Craft,” Space News, 3 June
2010, online: www.spacenews.com/satellite_telecom/100603-intelsat-ses-negotiate-wayward-craft.
html.
102 Stephen Clark, “Zombiesat has three more satellite in its crosshairs,” Spaceight Now, 25 July
2010, online: www.spaceightnow.com/news/n1007/25galaxy15.
103 Tok, Jessica, “USSTRATCOM Perspective on National Space Policy Implementation through
Space Situational Awareness Sharing,” High Frontier, Volume 7, No. 2, February 2011, pp. 40-42.
104 Ibid.
105 Ibid.
Chapter Three Endnotes
1 United Nations, Charter of the United Nations, 26 June 1945, Can. T.S. 1945 No. 7, 59 Stat. 1031,
145 U.K.T.S. 805, 24 U.S.T. 2225, T.I.A.S. No. 7739.
2 United Nations General Assembly, Historical Summary on the Consideration of the Question on the
Denition and Delimitation of Outer Space, Report of the Secretariat, Committee on the Peaceful Uses
of Outer Space, A/AC.105/769, 18 January 2002.
3 Frans von der Dunk, “e Sky is the Limit–But Where Does It End?” Proceedings of the Forty-Eighth
Colloquium on the Law of Outer Space, 2006 at 84-94.
4 Ivan A. Vlasic, “e Legal Aspects of Peaceful and Non-Peaceful Uses of Outer Space,” in Bupendra
Jasani, ed., Peaceful and Non-Peaceful Uses of Space: Problems of Denition for the Prevention of an
Arms Race in Outer Space (London: Taylor and Francis, 1991).
5 e U.S. interpretation of “peaceful” as synonymous with “non-aggressive” was a logical extension
of the U.S. eort to gain international recognition of the permissibility of reconnaissance satellites,
while simultaneously discouraging military space activities that threatened these assets — two major
goals of U.S. policy during the period predating the Outer Space Treaty (1957-1967). See Paul B.
Stares, e Militarization of Space: U.S. Policy, 1945-84 (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1988)
at 59-71.
6 Elizabeth Waldrop, “Weaponization of Outer Space: U.S. National Policy,” High Frontier, Winter
2005 at 37, online: www.law.umich.edu/curriculum/workshops/governance/WkshpPaper2006_
Waldrop.pdf.
7 Ram Jakhu, “Legal Issues Relating to the Global Public Interest in Outer Space,” 32 Journal of Space
Law, 2006 at 41.
8 SpaceWar.com, “China Says Anti Satellite Test Did Not Break Rules,” 12 February 2007, online:
www.spacewar.com/reports/China_Says_Anti_Satellite_Test_Did_Not_Break_Rules_999.html.
9 U.S. Department of Defense, “DoD Succeeds in Intercepting Non-Functioning Satellite,” 20
February 2008, online: /www.defense.gov/releases/release.aspx?releaseid=11704.
10 Lucy Stojak, “Key Concepts in Space Arms Control,” Report to Foreign Aairs Canada, February
2005 at 11.
11 Convention on International Liability for Damage Caused by Space Objects, Article II; convention
opened for signature 29 March 1972, entered into force 1 September 1972.
12 Peter Haanappel, “Enforcing the Liability Convention: Ensuring the Binding Force of the Award of
Claims Commission,” in Marietta Benko and Kai-Uwe Schrogl, eds., Space Law: Current problems
and perspectives for future regulation (Utrecht: Eleven International Publishing, 2005) at 115.