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Space Security 2011 188 115 Protecting the satellite orbital slots and associated frequency spectrum (common heritage) used by INTELSAT to deliver international public telecommunication services, Draft New Resolution AFCP71/16/ADD ITU Plenipotentiary Conference (PP-10), Guadalajara, 3 October 2010. Proposal submitted by Cameroon, Guinea, Kenya, Libya and Rwanda. 116 Scott Billquist, “ITSO Not Moving Forward,” Communications Daily, 15 October 2010, online: www.yongjinpark.com/resources/Comm+Daily.pdf. 117 Abuja Declaration 2010 of the ird Conference of African Ministers in Charge of Communication and Information Technologies held from 3-7 August 2010 in Abuja, Nigeria, AU/CITMC-3/MIN/ Decl.III, August 2010, online: www.sierraexpressmedia.com/archives/12520. 118 African Union, “Expression of Interest for Consultancy Services to Conduct Feasibility Study for the Creation of an African Space Agency (AFRISPACE),” 2010, online: www.africa-union.org/root/ au/bids/aucbids.htm. 119 All Africa, “Africa-EU Partnership: Brussels Hosts High Level Meeting on Space,” 17 September 2010), online: http://allafrica.com/stories/201009170639.html. 120 John A. Aul, “Africa: AU’s Space Agency Delaying,” Africa News, 24 August 2010, online: www.africanews.com/site/Africa_AUs_space_agency_delaying/list_messages/34237. 121 Alex Abutu Augustine, “Africa Considers a Continent Wide Space Agency,” SciDev, 20 August 2010, online: www.scidev.net/en/news/africa-considers-a-continent-wide-space-agency.html. 122 U.S. Air Force, Transformation Flight Plan, November 2003, online: www.af.mil/library/posture/ AF_TRANS_FLIGHT_PLAN-2003.pdf. 123 U.S. Air Force, Counterspace Operations, Air Force Doctrine Document 2-2.1, 2 August 2004 at 2. is document represents the views of the USAF and not necessarily those of the U.S. Government. 124 U.S. Department of Defense, Joint Publication 3-14: Space Operations, 6 January 2009 at ix, online: www.fas.org/irp/doddir/dod/jp3_14.pdf. 125 Ibid. 126 Ibid. at xi. 127 See Government of the Russian Federation, “e Basic Provisions of the Military Doctrine of the Russian Federation,” FBIS-SOV 19, no. 222, 1993, Section 3.1, rst published Rossiiskie vesti, 18 November 1992 at 1-2; Government of the Russian Federation, “Draft Russian Military Doctrine,” BBC Monitoring, 1999, Section 1.5, rst published Krasnaya Zvezda, 9 October 1999 at 3-4; Government of the Russian Federation, “Russian Federation Military Doctrine,” Nezavisimaya Gazeta, 22 April 2000, Section I.5; Russian Federation Ministry of Defence, “Russian Federation Ministry of Defence Brochure: Urgent Tasks of the Development of the Russian Federation Armed Forces,” 2003, Section II at 13. 128 Government of the Russian Federation, “Draft Russian Military Doctrine,” BBC Monitoring, 9 October 1999, Section 1.10.a. 129 Government of the Russian Federation, “Russian Federation Military Doctrine,” Nezavisimaya gazeta, 22 April 2000, Section II.3; Government of the Russian Federation, “Russian Federation Ministry of Defence Brochure: Urgent Tasks of the Development of the Russian Federation Armed Forces,” 2003, Section IV at 18-19. 130 Interfax, “Putin Reiterates Priorities in Developing Space Forces,” 7 April 2003. 131 Andrew Gowers, Robert Cottrell, and Andrew Jack, “Transcript: Interview with Vladimir Putin, 13 December,” Financial Times, 15 December 2001 at 2. 132 People’s Daily Online, “China’s Space Activities in 2006,” October 2006, online: http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/20061012_311157.html. 133 Government of China State Council Information Oce, “China’s National Defense in 2004,” Federation of American Scientists, 27 December 2004, online: www.fas.org/nuke/guide/china/ doctrine/natdef2004.html. 134 Information Oce of the State Council, People's Republic of China, “China’s National Defense in 2006,” Federation of American Scientists, 29 December 2006, online: www.fas.org/nuke/guide/ china/doctrine/wp2006.html.
135 K.K. Nair, Space, the Frontiers of Modern Defence (India: Centre for Air Power Studies, 2006) at 75. e author notes that China’s PLA “has outlined its mission regarding military space as consisting of two categories. e rst is information supporting, and the second, battleeld combating, which loosely corresponds to missions of force enhancement and counter-space operations in western parlance.” 136 Martin Sta, “China Ocially Announces Anti-Satellite Test Successful,” Spacewar.com, 24 January 2007, online: www.spacewar.com/reports/China_Ocialy_Announces_Anti_Satellite_ Test_Successful_999.html. 137 Agence France-Presse, “China chief says space arms race inevitable: state media,” 1 November 2009, online: www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gDrce4ESD3cLHgo-KPFYvINfpA. 138 European Commission, Space: A New European Frontier for an Expanding Union: An Action Plan for Implementing the European Space Policy, White Paper, 2003 at 6-7, online: http://europa.eu.int/ comm/space/whitepaper/pdf/spwhpap_en.pdf. 139 Dr. omas Beer, “e European Space Agency: Enhancing the European Space and Defence Policy,” Presentation at the International Space Security Conference, Scope and Prospects for Global Cooperation, Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses and Centre for Defence and International Security Studies, New Delhi, 13-14 November 2007, online: www.space securityprogramme.org/uploads/ssp/space_sec_session%201_Dr.%20omas%20Beer.pdf. 140 European Commission, Report of the Panel of Experts on Space and Security, Project Number 200446, 1 March 2005 at 26, online: http://europa.eu.int/comm/space/news/article_2262.pdf. 141 Assembly of the Western European Union, Space and the ESDP, Assembly Fact Sheet No. 7, December 2007, online: www.assembly-weu.org/en/documents/Fact%20sheets/Fact%20sheet%20 7E%20PESD%20et%20Espace.pdf?PHPSESSID =f3137d60. 142 European Commission, Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament: European Space Policy, COM (2007) 212 nal, 26 April 2007 at 8. 143 Barbara Opall-Rome, “Air Force to Lead Israel’s Military Activities in Space,” Defense News, 27 February 2006, online: www.defensenews.com/story.php?F=1556062&C=mideast. See also Diganit Paikowsky, “Israel’s space program as a national asset,” 23 Space Policy, 2007 at 90-96. 144 K. S. Jayaraman, “India’s Space Cell Uses Military Technology,” Defense News, 23 February 2009 at 30. 145 e Indian Express, “Army to unveil Space Vision 2020 at commanders’ meet,” 23 October 2007, online: www.indianexpress.com/story/231390.html. 146 ABC live, “India to Launch First Military Use Satellite under Defence Space Vision-2020,” 20 May 2010, online: http://abclive.in/abclive_national/rst_dedicated_military_satellite_defence_space_ vision-2020.html. 147 UK Space Agency, “UK plan to create £40bn space industry and 100,000 new jobs,” 1 February 2010, online: www.ukspaceagency.bis.gov.uk/14448.aspx. 148 Space IGS, A UK Space Innovation and Growth Strategy 2010 to 2030. online: www.spaceigs.co.uk. 149 Jonathan Amos, “Strategy to Grow UK Space Sector,” BBC News, 10 February 2010, online: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8506141.stm. 150 Public Politics, “National Security Strategy Report on Progress,” 22 March 2010, online: www.publicpolitics.net/news/archive/17861. 151 Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, A Strong Britain in an Age of Uncertainty: e National Security Strategy, October 2010, online: www.direct.gov.uk/prod_consum_dg/groups/dg_ digitalassets/@dg/@en/documents/digitalasset/dg_191639.pdf. 152 Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Securing Britain in an Age of Uncertainty: the Strategic Defence and Security Review, October 2010 at 65, online: www.direct.gov.uk/prod_consum_dg/ groups/dg_digitalassets/@dg/@en/documents/digitalasset/dg_191634.pdf. 153 Ibid. 154 Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology, Germany, “Safeguarding the Future of the German Space Industry: the Federal Government's Space Strategy,” Press release, 30 November 2010, online: www.bmwi.de/English/Navigation/Press/press-releases,did=374978.html. Endnotes 189
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SPACE SECURITY 2011 www.spacesecuri
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Library and Archives Canada Catalog
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PAGE 1 Acronyms PAGE 7 Introduction
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PAGE 149 Chapter 8 - Space Systems
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Space Security 2011 2 EHF Extremely
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Space Security 2011 4 NTM National
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Space Security 2011 is the eighth a
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of the three preceding years, in al
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The Space Environment TREND 1.1: Am
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2010 Developments: • Internationa
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2010 Developments: • Shift in U.S
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Civil Space Programs TREND 4.1: Gro
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2010 Developments: • Satellite na
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eyond the ISS partners, without sac
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2010 Developments: • Japan launch
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Space Systems Negation TREND 8.1: I
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The Space Environment is chapter as
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of which fewer than 5 per cent are
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Table 1.3 below lists the Top 10 br
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Figure 1.5: Total cataloged on-orbi
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(German Aerospace Center), ESA, ISR
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approximately six weeks later. NASA
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Originally adopted in 1994, the ITU
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etransmits the programming to cable
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order of years or decades, there ar
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help increase the transparency and
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e 1,100-kg Block 10 satellite conta
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Trend 2.2: Global SSA capabilities
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Space surveillance is an area of gr
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Space Security Impact e European SS
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2010 Development U.S. government co
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states can peacefully discuss, for
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Registration Convention The Convent
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PAROS resolution Since 1981 the UNG
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Space Security Proposals A number o
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threat posed to the access to, and
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on questions and issues put before
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an impasse. Despite the difficultie
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2010 Development Africa considers t
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e EU/ESA European Space Policy adop
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2010 Development U.S. export reform
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space orbits and place great strain
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2010 Development Various countries
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Table 4.4: The 2010 space launch sc
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itself, major contractors such as B
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1. Transporting astronauts to LEO c
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2010 Development Mix of successes a
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Figure 4.7: NASA 2006-2010 budget (
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Table 4.9: Flights to the Internati
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GPS military applications include n
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distribution system that provides a
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Commercial Space is chapter assesse
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espectively. 9 PanAmSat, New Skies,
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in two ways: 1) by amending spectru
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comprised of Boeing (U.S.), Aker Kv
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of the rst two space tourists purc
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At the Spaceport America runway ded
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the U.S. National Geospatial-Intell
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esources to address growing space s
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satellite technology is that the sy
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Space Support for Terrestrial Milit
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Figure 6.4: Russian dedicated milit
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2010 Development Space Support for
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Page 147 and 148: Space Systems Resiliency is chapter
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Page 201 and 202: 3 Data from Gunter Krebs, Gunter’
Page 203 and 204: 50 Antonio Regalado, “Mexico Gets
Page 205 and 206: 88 Frank Morring Jr., “India Gear
Page 207 and 208: 131 Prime Minister of Russia. “Pr
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Page 211 and 212: generation GPS bird,” Russian Spa
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Page 215 and 216: 55 Daniel J. Marcus, “Commerce Pr
Page 217 and 218: 99 Ibid. 100 Space News, “Virgin
Page 219 and 220: 136 Richard DalBello, interview wit
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Page 223 and 224: 43 William Graham, “ULA Atlas V l
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Page 227 and 228: 138 China State Council Information
Page 229 and 230: 176 Frank Morring, Jr. and Neelam M
Page 231 and 232: 221 Spot Image, “Kompsat 2: e Alt
Page 233 and 234: 265 Andrew Willis, “Galileo contr
Page 235 and 236: Subcommittee on Investigations, Com
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Page 239 and 240: 87 John Cummings, “Army nanosatel
Page 241 and 242: 36 Steven Kosiak, “Arming the Hea
Page 243 and 244: krypton-uoride, helium-argon-xenon,
Page 245 and 246: 101 e Advanced Video Guidance Senso
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