Space Security Index

Subcommittee on Investigations, Committee on Governmental Aairs, U.S. Senate, GAO-02-781,
August 2002, online: www.gao.gov/new.items/d02781.pdf.
8 M. R. Frater and M. Ryan, Electronic Warfare for the Digitized Battleeld (Boston: Artech House,
2001). e discussion of electronic warfare in this chapter was largely drawn from the approach
provided in this book. See also U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, “Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP)
and TEMPEST Protection for Facilities, Engineering and Design,” Pamphlet EP 1110-3-2,
December 1990; W. E. Burrows, Deep Black Space Espionage and National Security (New York:
Random House, 1986) at 182; Roohi Banu, Tanya Vladimirova, and Martin Sweeting, “On-Board
Encryption in Satellites,” paper presented at 2005 Military and Aerospace Programmable Logic
Devices (MAPLD) International Conference, Washington, DC, 7-9 September 2005, abstract
online: http://klabs.org/mapld05/abstracts/184_banu_a.html; Eric Swankoski and Vijaykrishnan
Narayanan, “Dynamic High-Performance Multi-Mode Architectures for AES Encryption,” paper
presented at 2005 MAPLD International Conference, Washington, DC, 7-9 September 2005,
abstract online: http://klabs.org/mapld05/abstracts/103_swankoski_a.html.
9 M.R. Frater and M. Ryan, Electronic Warfare for the Digitized Battleeld (Boston: Artech House,
2001).
10 Don J. Hinshilwood and Robert B. Dybdal, “Adaptive Nulling Antennas for Military
Communications,” Crosslink, Winter 2001/2002, online: www.aero.org/publications/crosslink/
winter2002/05.html; Mark Wade, “Milstar,” Encyclopedia Astronautica, c. 2007, online:
www.astronautix.com/craft/milstar.htm.
11 U.S. Department of Defense, Fiscal Year 2006/2007 Budget Estimates. Research, Development, Test
and Evaluation (RDT&E) Descriptive Summaries, Volume I: Defense Advanced Research Projects
Agency, February 2005 at 423, online: www.dtic.mil/descriptivesum/Y2006/DARPA/0603768E.pdf;
Maj. Earl Odom, “Future Missions for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: Exploring Outside the Box,”
Aerospace Power Journal, Summer 2002; Lt. Col. Gregory Vansuch, “Navigation & Guidance,”
DARPA Special Projects Oce, Presentation at DARPATECH 2002; David C. Hardesty, “Spacebased
Weapons: Long-Term Strategic Implications and Alternatives,” Naval War College Review,
Spring 2005 at 8.
12 e U.S. is developing the TSAT program described in the section on Space Support for Terrestrial
Military Operations. See Michael Fabey, “Air Force Approach Raises Questions about TSAT
Capability and Cost,” Aerospace Daily and Defense Report, 18 December 2006, online: www.
aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_generic.jsp?channel=aerospacedaily&id=news/TSAT12186.xml.
e German company Tesat Spacecom has a laser communications terminal that is being tested
on the U.S. Missile Defense Agency’s NFIRE satellite. See Aviation Week and Space Technology,
“NFIRE testing laser comms,” 5 November 2007. France’s Astrium Satellites and its subsidiary
Tesat Spacecom in Germany launched a civil-military laser communications program in 2007. See
Peter B. de Selding, “European Firms Launched Dual-Use Sat Laser Project,” Defense News,
8 October 2007.
13 U.S. Department of Defense, “Cyber Command achieves full operational capability,” 3 November
2010, online: www.defense.gov/releases/release.aspx?releaseid=14030.
14 China Daily, “China to Launch its First Anti-Jamming Satellite Next Year,” 4 March 2004.
15 Xinhua, “China Enhances Spacecraft Monitoring Network,” 12 December 2006, online:
http://news3.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-12/12/content_5473204.htm; Zhour Honghsun
and Liu Wubing, “Status Quo and Assumption of China’s Space Satellite Monitoring,” China
Communications, June 2006 at 123.
16 U.S. Department of Defense, “Cyber Command achieves full operational capability,” 3 November
2010, online: www.defense.gov/releases/release.aspx?releaseid=14030.
17 Jeremy Hsu, “U.S. Cyber Command now fully online, and seeking a few good geeks,” Popsci,
5 October 2010, online: www.popsci.com/military-aviation-amp-space/article/2009-10/us-cybercommand-now-online-and-seeking-few-good-geeks.
18 Larry Seltzer, “US Cyber Command seeks to operate against enemies anywhere,” Security Watch,
7 November 2010, online: http://blogs.pcmag.com/securitywatch/2010/11/us_cyber_command_
seeks_to_oper.php.
19 Ellen Nakashima, “Pentagon’s Cyber Command seeks authority to expand its battleeld,”
e Washington Post, 6 November 2010, online: www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/
article/2010/11/05/AR2010110507304.html.
Endnotes
225