Space Security Index

138 China State Council Information Oce, China’s National Defense in 2008, White Paper, 20
January 2009, online: www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2009-01/20/content_7413294.htm; Trefor
Moss, “Space Race,” Jane’s Defence Weekly, 29 October 2008 at 28.
139 GlobalSecurity.org, “China and Imagery Intelligence,” 20 October 2005, online: www.
globalsecurity.org/space/world/china/imint.htm.
140 Jane’s Space Directory, “Government and Non-Government Space Programs: China,”
14 October 2004.
141 e International Institute for Strategic Studies, Military Balance 2003-2004, London: Routledge
2004 at 230, 304; Union of Concerned Scientists, “UCS Satellite Database,” 2011, online:
www.ucsusa.org/nuclear_weapons_and_global_security/space_weapons/technical_issues/
ucs-satellite-database.html.
142 Surrey Satellite Technologies Ltd., “Disaster Monitoring and High-Resolution Imaging,” 2005,
online: www.sstl.co.uk/index.php?loc=121. It has been reported that “Government departments
will also use the satellite during emergencies to aid decision-making of the central government”
(People’s Daily Online, “Beijing-1 Satellite Starts Remote Sensing Service,” 8 June 2006, online:
http://english.people.com.cn/200606/08/eng20060608_272262.html).
143 Xinhua, “Remote Sensing Satellite Successfully Launched,” 27 April 2006, online: http://news.
xinhuanet.com/english/2006-04/27/content_4480989.htm.
144 Jonathan Weng, “China satellite launch indicates rapid progress,” Jane’s Defence Review, 13 June
2007 at 25; Jonathan McDowell, “NROL,” Jonathan’s Space Report No. 581, 23 June 2007,
online: www.planet4589.org/space/jsr/back/news.581. e last two satellites were launched in 2008
after the publication of these articles. ey are most likely optical imaging satellites.
145 John Pike, “e Military Uses of Outer Space,” in SIPRI Yearbook 2002 (Oxford: Oxford University
Press: 2002) at 635-6; Center for Nonproliferation Studies, “China Prole,” 2010, online: www.nti.
org/e_research/proles/China/index.html.
146 John Pike, “e Military Uses of Outer Space,” in SIPRI Yearbook 2002 (Oxford: Oxford University
Press: 2002) at 635-6.
147 Georey Forden, “Strategic Uses for China’s Beidou Satellite System,” Jane’s Intelligence Review,
16 September 2003; Georey Forden, “e Military Capabilities and Implications of China’s
Indigenous Satellite-Based Navigation System,” 12 Science and Global Security, 2004 at 232.
148 Dr. Jing Guifei, National Remote Sensing Center of China and the Ministry of Science and
Technology, quoted in GPS World, “China Discusses Beidou with the GNSS Community,”
21 February 2008, online: http://sidt.gpsworld.com/gpssidt/content/printContentPopup.
jsp?id=493496; Glen Gibbons, “China’s Compass/Beidou: Back-Track or Dual Track?” Inside
GNSS, March/April 2008. According to the following article, the military signal could provide
accuracy up to 10 m: GPS Daily, “China Starts to Build Own Satellite Navigation System,” 3
November 2006, online: www.gpsdaily.com/reports/China_Starts_To_Build_Own_Satellite_
Navigation_System_999.html.
149 Xinhua, “China puts new navigation satellite into orbit,” 3 February 2007, online: http://news.
xinhuanet.com/english/2007-02/03/content_5689019.htm; Xinhua, “China launches ‘Compass’
navigation satellites,” 14 April 2007, online: http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2007-04/14/
content_5974414.htm.
150 “China Launches 5th Compass (Beidou-2) Navigation Satellite – First IGSO,” Inside GNSS, 1
August 2010, online: www.insidegnss.com/node/2211.
151 Astronautix, “CZ 4B Chronology,” 2007, online: www.astronautix.com/lvs/cz4b.htm; James Lewis,
“China as a Military Space Competitor,” in Perspectives on Space Security, ed. John Logsdon and
Audrey Schaer (Washington, DC: Space Policy Institute, George Washington University, 2005) at
101, online: www.gwu.edu/~spi/assets/docs/PERSPECTIVES_ON_SPACE_SECURITY.pdf.
152 Union of Concerned Scientists, “UCS Satellite Database,” 2011, online: www.ucsusa.org/nuclear_
weapons_and_global_security/space_weapons/technical_issues/ucs-satellite-database.html.
153 Ibid.
154 G. Madhavan Nair, Secretary in the Department of Space and Chairman of ISRO, quoted in Fresh
News, “India ready for launch of satellite with military applications,” 21 September 2007, online:
www.freshnews.in/india-ready-for-launch-of-satellite-with-military-applications-15639.
Endnotes
217