Space Security Index

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Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publications Data Space Security 2011 ISBN : 978-1-895722-87-1 © 2011 SPACESECURITY.ORG Edited by Cesar Jaramillo Design and layout: Creative Services, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada Cover image: The International Space Station is featured in this photograph taken by an STS-130 crew member on space shuttle Endeavour after the station and shuttle began their post-undocking relative separation on 19 February 2010. Image credit: NASA. Printed in Canada Printer: Pandora Press, Kitchener, Ontario First published August 2011 Please direct inquires to: Cesar Jaramillo Project Ploughshares 57 Erb Street West Waterloo, Ontario N2L 6C2 Canada Telephone: 519-888-6541, ext. 708 Fax: 519-888-0018 Email: cjaramillo@ploughshares.ca
Governance Group Gérard Brachet Institute de l’Air et de l’Espace Peter Hays Eisenhower Center for Space and Defense Studies Dr. Ram Jakhu Institute of Air and Space Law, McGill University William Marshall NASA – Ames Research Center Paul Meyer The Simons Foundation John Siebert Project Ploughshares Dana Smith Foreign A airs and International Trade Canada Ray Williamson Secure World Foundation Advisory Board Richard DalBello Intelsat General Corporation Theresa Hitchens United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research Dr. John Logsdon The George Washington University Dr. Lucy Stojak HEC Montréal Project Manager Cesar Jaramillo Project Ploughshares
Page 1: SPACE SECURITY 2011 www.spacesecuri
Page 7 and 8: PAGE 1 Acronyms PAGE 7 Introduction
Page 9: PAGE 149 Chapter 8 - Space Systems
Page 12 and 13: Space Security 2011 2 EHF Extremely
Page 14 and 15: Space Security 2011 4 NTM National
Page 17 and 18: Space Security 2011 is the eighth a
Page 19 and 20: of the three preceding years, in al
Page 21 and 22: The Space Environment TREND 1.1: Am
Page 23 and 24: 2010 Developments: • Internationa
Page 25 and 26: 2010 Developments: • Shift in U.S
Page 27 and 28: Civil Space Programs TREND 4.1: Gro
Page 29 and 30: 2010 Developments: • Satellite na
Page 31 and 32: eyond the ISS partners, without sac
Page 33 and 34: 2010 Developments: • Japan launch
Page 35 and 36: Space Systems Negation TREND 8.1: I
Page 37 and 38: The Space Environment is chapter as
Page 39 and 40: of which fewer than 5 per cent are
Page 41 and 42: Table 1.3 below lists the Top 10 br
Page 43 and 44: Figure 1.5: Total cataloged on-orbi
Page 45 and 46: (German Aerospace Center), ESA, ISR
Page 47 and 48: approximately six weeks later. NASA
Page 49 and 50: Originally adopted in 1994, the ITU
Page 51 and 52: etransmits the programming to cable
Page 53 and 54: order of years or decades, there ar
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help increase the transparency and
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e 1,100-kg Block 10 satellite conta
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Trend 2.2: Global SSA capabilities
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Space surveillance is an area of gr
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Space Security Impact e European SS
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2010 Development U.S. government co
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states can peacefully discuss, for
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Registration Convention The Convent
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PAROS resolution Since 1981 the UNG
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Space Security Proposals A number o
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threat posed to the access to, and
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on questions and issues put before
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an impasse. Despite the difficultie
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2010 Development Africa considers t
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e EU/ESA European Space Policy adop
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2010 Development U.S. export reform
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space orbits and place great strain
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2010 Development Various countries
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Table 4.4: The 2010 space launch sc
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itself, major contractors such as B
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1. Transporting astronauts to LEO c
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2010 Development Mix of successes a
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Figure 4.7: NASA 2006-2010 budget (
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Table 4.9: Flights to the Internati
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GPS military applications include n
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distribution system that provides a
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Commercial Space is chapter assesse
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espectively. 9 PanAmSat, New Skies,
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in two ways: 1) by amending spectru
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comprised of Boeing (U.S.), Aker Kv
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of the rst two space tourists purc
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At the Spaceport America runway ded
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the U.S. National Geospatial-Intell
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esources to address growing space s
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satellite technology is that the sy
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Space Support for Terrestrial Milit
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Page 131 and 132:
Page 133 and 134:
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Figure 6.4: Russian dedicated milit
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Page 139 and 140:
Page 141 and 142:
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2010 Development Space Support for
Page 145 and 146:
Page 147 and 148:
Space Systems Resiliency is chapter
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Responding to such concerns, the U.
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Space Security Impact e establishme
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industry rsts — notably, the rst
Page 155 and 156:
involved; modest shields in GEO can
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X-37A (NASA/DARPA). 77 A successor
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Space Systems Negation is chapter a
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equipment during Operation Iraqi Fr
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satellites in LEO. 43 Japan is an i
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under the Advanced Weapons Technolo
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Table 8.2: History of ground-based
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e MDA Near-Field Infrared Experimen
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Space Security Working Group Meetin
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Types of Earth Orbits* Low Earth Or
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Article II Outer space, including t
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Article XI In order to promote inte
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Spacecraft Launched in 2010 COSPAR
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COSPAR Launch Date 2010- 041B 2010-
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Chapter One Endnotes 1 D. Wright,
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51 Council of the European Union, d
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97 Joel D. Scheraga, “Establishin
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21 Vandenberg Air Force Base, “Va
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69 Ibid. 70 Ibid. 71 European Space
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13 United Nations Oce for Outer Spa
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54 William J. Broad and Kenneth Cha
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93 Saira Abbasi, “FMCT: An Unnish
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135 K.K. Nair, Space, the Frontiers
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3 Data from Gunter Krebs, Gunter’
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50 Antonio Regalado, “Mexico Gets
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88 Frank Morring Jr., “India Gear
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131 Prime Minister of Russia. “Pr
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170 e Voice of Russia, “Russia, K
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generation GPS bird,” Russian Spa
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13 Jim Yardley, “Snubbed by U.S.,
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55 Daniel J. Marcus, “Commerce Pr
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99 Ibid. 100 Space News, “Virgin
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136 Richard DalBello, interview wit
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Chapter Six Endnotes 1 Union of Con
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43 William Graham, “ULA Atlas V l
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AW_04_19_2010_p35-219773.xml&headli
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138 China State Council Information
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176 Frank Morring, Jr. and Neelam M
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221 Spot Image, “Kompsat 2: e Alt
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265 Andrew Willis, “Galileo contr
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Subcommittee on Investigations, Com
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Programs of Interest,” Center for
Page 239 and 240:
87 John Cummings, “Army nanosatel
Page 241 and 242:
36 Steven Kosiak, “Arming the Hea
Page 243 and 244:
krypton-uoride, helium-argon-xenon,
Page 245 and 246:
101 e Advanced Video Guidance Senso
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