Space Security Index

36 Steven Kosiak, “Arming the Heavens: A Preliminary Assessment of the Potential Cost and Cost-
Eectiveness of Space-Based Weapons,” Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments, 31
October 2007, online: www.csbaonline.org/4Publications/PubLibrary/R.20071031.Arming_
the_Heavens/R.20071031.Arming_the_Heavens.pdf.
37 United States Air Force, Counterspace Operations: Air Force Doctrine Document 2-2.1, Defense
Technical Information Center, 2 August 2004 at 3, online: www.dtic.mil/doctrine/jel/
service_pubs/afdd2_2_1.pdf.
38 Funding appropriated by Congress for the system included $30-million in FY1996, $50-million
in FY1997, $37.5-million in FY1998, $7.5-million in FY2000, $3-million in FY2001,
and $7.5-million in FY2004. Marcia Smith, “U.S. Space Programs: Civilian, Military, and
Commercial,” CRS Issue Brief for Congress, 21 October 2004, online: www.fas.org/spp/civil/crs/
IB92011.pdf. Funding in FY2005 was $14.0-million. eresa Hitchens, Michael Katz-Hymen, and
Jerey Lewis, “U.S. Space Weapons: Big Intentions, Little Focus,” 13(1) Nonproliferation Review,
March 2006 at 43, Table 4.
39 eresa Hitchens, Michael Katz-Hymen, and Jerey Lewis, “U.S. Space Weapons: Big Intentions,
Little Focus,” at 43, Table 4.
40 David C. Isby, “U.S. Army continues with KE-ASAT,” Jane’s Missiles and Rockets, March 2005;
Keith J. Costa, “ASAT Technology Test Bed in the Works at Redstone Arsenal,” Inside Missile
Defense, 22 December 2004; Sandra I. Erwin, “U.S. Space Command Chief Warns About
Technological Complacency,” National Defense, May 2001, online: www.nationaldefensemagazine.
org/issues/2001/May/US_Space.htm; United States Department of Defense, “Contracts: Army,”
Press Release No. 503-04, 25 May 2004, online: www.defenselink.mil/contracts/2004/ct20040525.
html.
41 Space Daily, “Raytheon Delivers Exoatmospheric Kill Vehicle Payloads for Fort Greely,” 18
August 2004, online: www.spacedaily.com/news/bmdo-04y.html; Raytheon, “EKV/GMD:
Exoatmospheric Kill Vehicle/Ground-Based Midcourse Defense,” July 2009, online: www.raytheon.
com/capabilities/rtnwcm/groups/rms/documents/content/rtn_rms_ps_ekv_datasheet.pdf; Missile
Defense Agency, “Missile Defense Agency Accomplishments in 2007,” 14 January 2008, online:
www.mda.mil/mdalink/pdf/08news0002.pdf.
42 Raytheon, “EKV/GMD: Exoatmospheric Kill Vehicle/Ground-Based Midcourse Defense,”
July 2009, online: www.raytheon.com/capabilities/rtnwcm/groups/rms/documents/content/
rtn_rms_ps_ekv_datasheet.pdf.
43 David Wright and Laura Grego, “ASAT Capabilities of Planned U.S. Missile Defense System,”
68 Disarmament Diplomacy, December 2002-January 2003 at 7-10.
44 Missile Defense Agency, “Japan/U.S. Missile Defense Flight Test Successful,” New release 07-
NEWS-0053, 17 December 2007, online: www.mda.mil/mdaLink/pdf/07news0053.pdf.
45 Jon Rosamond, “U.S. admiral says satellite kill was ‘one-time event,’” Jane’s Defence Weekly,
26 March 2008 at 8.
46 Laura Grego, A History of Anti-Satellite Programs, Union of Concerned Scientists, 2003.
47 Pavel Podvig, “Russian Military Space Capabilities,” in Phillip E. Coyle, ed., Ensuring America’s
Space Security (Washington, DC: Federation of American Scientists, September 2004) at 127.
48 Missile reat, “Gorgon (SH-11/ABM-4),” c. 2004, online: www.missilethreat.com/
missiledefensesystems/id.25/system_detail.asp.
49 GlobalSecurity.org, “Chinese Anti-Satellite [ASAT] Capabilities,” 18 January 2007, online:
www.globalsecurity.org/space/world/china/asat.htm; Michael R. Gordon and David S. Cloud,
“U.S. Knew of China’s Missile Test, But Kept Silent,” e New York Times, 23 April 2007 at 1.
50 Space War, “China Says Anti-Satellite Test Did Not Break Rules,” 12 February 2007, online:
www.spacewar.com/reports/China_Says_Anti_Satellite_Test_Did_Not_Break_Rules_999.html.
51 Shirley Kan, “China’s Anti-satellite Weapon Test,” Congressional Research Center, 23 April 2007
at 3.
52 Barbara Opall-Rome, “Israel, U.S., Test Compatibility of Arrow-Patriot Interceptors,” Space News,
14 March 2005; Vivek Raghuvanshi, “India Plans 2nd ABM Test in June,” Defense News, 29 January
2007.
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