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in summer. The male flowers droop in catkins, and the female
form a round scaly cone containing many small seeds between the
scales. The bark of the wood is thin and easily peeled off, being
used for plaiting and tying, and also to make various articles.
The wood is white and fine grained, being used for boxes and
turnery.
569. Betula alba, L., var. tauschii, Reg., Jap. Mine-hari,
Ono-ore ; a deciduous tree of the order Anientaceaa growing in
mountains of northern countries, attaining to a height of 20-30 fts.
In summer it bears monaecious flowers, and are succeeded with
small fruits like those of Han-no-ki. The wood is light brown,
hard and fine grained, being used for making the reed of looms,
combs, etc.
570. Pterocarya rhoifolia, S. et Z./ Jap. Sawa-gurumi,
Kawa-gurumi', Yasu-no-ki ; a deciduous tree of the order Juglandaceae,
growing wild in mountains of cold regions, attaining to a
height of 20-30 fts. The flowers are monaecious, and are succeeded
with small fruits provided with wings. The wood is white,
fine grained and light, and it is used for making boxes, Japanese
clogs, etc. The polished bark is made into various articles, being
called Juko-hi in Nikko.
571. Juniperus rigida, S. et Z., Jap. Nedsumi-sashi,
Muro ; an evergreen tree of the order Coniferae growing wild in
mountains. The stem grows straight to a height of 20-30 fts. It
is a diaecious plant. In summer it
produces small flowers from
the axils of leaves, being succeeded with round pea-sized black
The wood is hard and yellow with a fragrant resinous
oily fruits.
odour, being used for ornamental pillars, shelves, and small
articles.
572. Juniperus Chinensis, L., Jap. Beni~byakushin t
Ibuki ; an evergreen tree of the order Coniferae growing wild.
The one which grows on a high mountain seems like a shrub, and
the one which grows in plain stands straight attaining to a height
of about 10 fts. In summer it
produces monaecious flowers, and