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77<br />
leaves are gathered, steamed, and dried up, and used as a substitute<br />
of tea. There is a species with three leaf-lets called Mitsnba-akebt<br />
(Akebia lobata, Dccne.\ having the same use.<br />
288. Hydrangea thunbergii, Sieb., Jap. Ama-cha ;<br />
a half lignous shrub of the order Saxifragacca?, growing wild or<br />
in gardens. From one root many stems grow in a group 3-4 fts.<br />
high, sprouting in spring and flowering in summer. The flowersare<br />
green at first, but turn red afterwards. The young leaves are<br />
gathered, steamed, rolled between hands, and dried up, and used<br />
to make a sweet beverage called Amacha (sweet tea).<br />
It is also<br />
mixed with Japanese soy to give a sweet taste.<br />
289. Gynostemma cissoides, Bcntli. et Hook., Jap.<br />
Tsurit-ainacha, Ajnacha-dsnru ; an annual climbing herbaceous<br />
plant of the order Cucurbitacea3 growing wild. Its trailing<br />
stem is slender and 5-7 fts long, with 5 leaves on a petiole. Theleaves<br />
are used in the same way as the former.<br />
290. LigUStrum japonicum, Th., Jap. Nedsumi-mochi;<br />
an evergreen shrub of the order OleaceaB growing wild 7-8 fts.<br />
high.<br />
In summer small white flowers appear, being disposed in a<br />
panicle at the tops of branches, and afterwards small dark purple<br />
globular berries are produced. The seeds are collected, roasted'<br />
and used as a substitute of coffee. The seeds of Ligustrum ibota<br />
are also used in the same way. Besides these the seeds of Ilex<br />
latifolia and the roots of Kiku-nigana<br />
are used for the samepurpose.<br />
291. Saccharum officinarum, Z., Sugar cane, Jap.<br />
Sato-kiln ; a perennial graminous plant cultivated in warm regions.<br />
It is 5-6 fts. high, with narrow leavas 2-3 fts. long. In<br />
hot regions it<br />
grows about 10 fts. high, with the stem more than,<br />
1 inch in diameter, and with rush-like flowers and seeds. In late<br />
autumn the stems are harvested, and their saccharine juice is<br />
pressed out to make sugar by refining. There are black, red,<br />
white, and other sugars, which are all used in a great quantity.<br />
Th: uncrystallized sugar or syrup is often used for the preparation