Industrial Relations in Europe 2012 - European Commission - Europa

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Country Protest & Strikes Finland Few reports of mobilisation France Significant mobilisation - striker days increased markedly Germany A limited number of public sector warning strikes Greece Extensive and sustained protests, demonstrations and strike action- 838 strikes between Jan 2011 - Apr 2012, including 46 general strikes, of which 30 in the public sector Hungary Significant mobilisation Ireland Italy Significant increase in protests in late 2009, subsequently subsided after 2010 Series of strike actions Specific Sector or Occupational Groups Year Comment Series of public sector strikes 2010 Against increase of retirement age from 60 to 62; dissatisfaction concerning pay, job cuts, restructuring and deteriorating working conditions Day of action of public sector unions within the CGT confederation; circa 270,000 participants in 150 demonstrations Oct 2011 Call for an increase in salaries and for policies to tackle precarious employment. Several national strikes 2009-12 Relatively high participation rates among DGFiP employees 2009 Demanding wage increases and improvement in Municipalities: Approx. 150,000 social workers and nursery school teachers participated in a working conditions warning strike Two waves of warning strikes involving federal and federal state employees in the public sector, including teachers Warning strike: Federal State and municipalities, approximately 300,000 participants 2011 Dispute over pay 2012 Demands of wage increases for period of 2 years Numerous public sector strikes and protests involving teachers, transport workers, health workers, magistrates and tax collectors 2010 Against austerity measures including wage cuts, labour market reforms and tax changes; involving trade unions and mobilisation by citizen groups Unions organise strike in June and July 2011 Against new package the government agreed with the IMF, EC, and ECB in June 48-hours’ general strikes and a 24-hours’ strike, organised by GSEE jointly with ADEDY Public service workers protests; main demonstration organised by GSEE and ADEDY Oct 2011 Dec 2011 Protests against the austerity package imposed by ‘Troika’, e.g. the abolition of the National Collective Labour Agreement and other “anti-labour”& “antiunion” legislative measuresalready enforced Against austerity cuts. Custom official, Tax offices, courts, schools were shut down, and hospitals operated on an emergency basis only. series of demonstrations by police-and firemen, professional soldiers 2011 Protesting against reform of their early retirement schemes. Demonstration outside parliament by unions Sep 2011 Against abolition of country’s council (OET) and its replacement with a new one; unions see their role diminished and a threat to tripartite arrangements Demonstrations by unions in the LIGA Nov ‘11 Roadblock demonstrations across the country in protest confederation of the draft labour code. A Fidesz-organized march Jan ‘12 Against Hungary’s alleged ‘colonization’ by the EU and the IMF One-day strike and street protests by public Nov ‘09 Against wage freeze and pension levy and anticipation sector unions of harsh measures Rally/march supported by ICTU, SIPTU, UNITE , Mandate General strike and various other days of protests at sectoral level; a one-day strike and other strikes, organised by CGIL and UIL-PA Protest organised by largest TU confederation CGIL General strike called by CGIL 8-hour public sector worker strike (approx. 20,000 attended); simultaneous protest by members of Italian Pensioners Union Nov ‘11 Jun/ Jul ‘10 Against austerity plans, including spending cuts and attacks on social welfare Reason: May ’10: financial intervention package/decree, however other unions (e.g. CISL) consider decree as inevitable June 2010 Against pay freeze for 4 years until end of 2013 announced in budget statement (although not supported by other major TU confederations) Jun ‘10 In protest against retirement changes applying to female civil servants Oct 2011 Due to threat to public services and collective bargaining and in protest against planned changes to pension system - increase of pension age 193
Country Protest & Strikes Latvia Lithuania Protests against austerity Protests against austerity measures Specific Sector or Occupational Groups Year Comment unitary strike action; civil service strike, called by CGIL, Cisl & Uil Dec ‘11 Against austerity program and due to lack of dialogue Education and Healthcare sector 2009/ 2011 Protest action following budget and wage reductions, particularly in the education and healthcare sector, but in 2012 education dispute resolved Public and private trade unions (circa 5,000- Early 09 General protest action due to government’s lack of 7,000 participants) consultation and dialogue. Lithuanian Trade Union Confederation (LPSK) Mid 2009 Hunger strike due to decision to cut basic monthly pay without consultation Luxembourg Malta Nether-lands Poland Few reports of mobilisation/str ikes Limited mobilisation Targeted protests predominantly in education Limited mobilisation Four sectoral TU’s and the Pensioner’s Party Oct ‘09 Five simultaneous protests against wage cuts for public sector employees Local government sector demonstrations Nov ‘11 In protest over the breakdown of collective bargaining Secondary teachers’ strike, called by the FNVaffiliated teachers’ union, the AOb (approx. 21,000 teachers participated) Jan 2012 Against changes in working hours, holiday entitlements, increased workloads teachers’ protest/ national manifestation Mar‘12 Against planned budget cuts in education Protest of 15,000 people March ‘12 Against cuts in the provision of sheltered workplaces Trade union protest (several hundred people) Mar’12 Against pension reform (raising of pension age); demands for a national referendum Portugal Romania Extensive strikes/ protests Extensive protests Slovakia Some protests, especially in healthcare Slovenia Protests in the public sector Two main union confederations (CGTP&UGT) call for 2 nd general strike 3 and major demonstrations by public sector unions 24-hour national strike called jointly by CGTP & UGT, including shut down of public services in many parts of the country Call for general strike by union confederation Nov 2011 Nov’11 In opposition against austerity plans, including massive cuts in bonuses for public sector workers earning over €1,000 a month (which equals a two months’ pay) Against austerity measures imposed by government as a condition of the EU/IMF bailout GCTP 3 the draft Labor Code reform Mar‘12 Against austerity measures imposed by the ‘troika’& STAL public service union plans for a national demonstration Feb 2012 Against austerity measures being imposed by the troika, including public sector pay cut and increased 2 hour protest by 40,000 public employees; human chain by 20,000+ union members of all main 5 national trade unions Protests (by tax officials and finance workers; workers in pension, health insurance and employment offices, teachers etc) Marches organised by main national TU confederations Protest of five national union federations by removing themselves temporarily from all social dialogue; four national employers’ organisations joined protest. Healthcare sector – day of protest – 1 hour doctors’ strike 2,400+ physicians handed in their notices & continuing protests Public sector union (KSJS) calls for strike action. General public sector strike May/ Jun ‘10 workloads In opposition to government reforms. Oct 2010 4 In opposition to a reduction of salaries of all public employees by 25% and a 40%-70% wage cuts for tax officials and finance workers (because of cuts in bonuses) 2011 In opposition against new labour laws 2011/ 2012 Mar’11 Sep- ‘11 Oct ‘11 Dec Protest against the new Social Dialogue Act, passed unilaterally by the government in 2011, which effectively put an end to collective bargaining. Ultimately protests led to the Prime Minister’s and cbinet resignation in February 2012 Against the poor financial situation in the sector and demands for wage increases In protest at planned transformation of hospitals into joint-stock companies; action was called off after an amendment to the law on health-care providers In protest against a 4% pay cut which would affect 160,000 workers and lack of dialogue. In April 2012: general public sector strike against austerity measures. 194
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Industrial Relations in Europe 2012
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Neither the European Commission nor
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Table of contents Executive summary
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employers. The second covers countr
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as has trade union fragmentation, d
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collective bargaining, in other cou
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fragmentation and pay dispersion ha
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Generating new jobs and transformin
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een negligible. Second- and third-t
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Nevertheless, the study indicated m
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Chapter 1: Overview of European, na
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2010, collective bargaining coverag
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short period of eight years. In Est
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Chart 1.6: Bargaining centralisatio
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A core aim of the CAWIE project has
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purposes of the present analysis. T
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have been substituted by contractin
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Table 1.1 shows that in 11 countrie
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SI SK UK Central level agreements.
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IT LV LT LU MT NL PL PT RO SE SI SK
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Across the EU the magnitude of the
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IE IT LV LT LU MT NL PL PT RO SE Jo
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argaining in the same way so that d
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Table 1.6: Major unions in the publ
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LU LV MT NL General Confederation o
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As shown by Visser (2010) for the n
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1.5 Employers’ associations In co
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SI SK Governmental bargaining group
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State-centred, including Greece, Sp
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Chart 1.12: Comparison between nati
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this would imply that industrial re
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Doellgast, V. and Greer, I. (2007),
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Chapter 2: Industrial relations dev
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the only available source of compar
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Chart 2.4: Annual net earnings in t
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Table 2.1 GINI coefficients for the
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producers’ Finally, the governmen
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A weakening membership base indicat
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less eager to join an employers’
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The lower degree of bargaining coor
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Existence of tripartite council con
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including trade unions in policymak
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Legal extension of collective agree
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Descriptive statistical evidence (s
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of sector-level collective agreemen
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* Italics indicate pacts addressing
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the liberal CEECs (LT, LV, EE, RO a
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2.3.7 Interim conclusions Unionisat
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Chart 2.16: Multi-national companie
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Box 2.3 Coping with the economic cr
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motivation for employers was findin
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EE HU rapid increase before the cri
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SK 2011: cuts/freeze planned SI 200
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cooperation within the EU, where be
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cabinet resignation, Romania renege
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important for building additional r
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References Avdagic, S. (2005), ‘S
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egulationin Eastern Europe’, in D
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and not an exact measurement of the
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Of the remaining countries, four -
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In some cases this is linked to emp
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and social security activities have
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Table 3.4 Part-time employment, 201
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Table 3.6 Number employed in tempor
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3.4 Employment status and the right
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employees (Angestellte and Arbeiter
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Table 3.8 Trade union density in th
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distinguish between ‘technical’
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with adequate services as well as t
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Page 145 and 146: majority public ownership) than in
Page 147 and 148: 3.7 Centralisation, decentralisatio
Page 149 and 150: government over the entire bargaini
Page 151 and 152: 3.8 Industrial conflict and settlem
Page 153 and 154: all of public employees. Career civ
Page 155 and 156: is also paid to equal pay and low-p
Page 157 and 158: Casale G. (2008), Public service la
Page 159 and 160: Pedersini R. (2009), “La riforma
Page 161 and 162: Appendix 3.1 Number employed in pub
Page 164 and 165: Chapter 4: The consequences of the
Page 166 and 167: had a lengthy engagement with NPM r
Page 168 and 169: Moreover, after an initial increase
Page 170 and 171: GDP), Denmark (3.2%), Cyprus (0.9%)
Page 172 and 173: in 2009 - a target that was missed
Page 174 and 175: public sector and its workforce in
Page 176 and 177: Pay Cut Pay Freeze Other measures H
Page 178 and 179: Nevertheless, it should be remember
Page 180 and 181: able to progress to higher salary p
Page 182 and 183: the sharing of information technolo
Page 184 and 185: and moves towards fiscal consolidat
Page 186 and 187: the importance of inward investment
Page 188 and 189: In countries less affected by auste
Page 190 and 191: Spain -18,000 in 2010 in public adm
Page 192 and 193: 4.5.2 Responses of social partners
Page 196 and 197: Country Protest & Strikes Spain Ext
Page 198 and 199: It has been suggested that although
Page 200 and 201: Acknowledgements We thank Berndt Ke
Page 202 and 203: Ibsen, C., Larsen, T., Madsen, J. a
Page 204 and 205: Chapter 5: Greening the social dial
Page 206 and 207: (Ueapme 2010 55 ). Fostering the ad
Page 208 and 209: 5.3 Cooperative approaches in manag
Page 210 and 211: Chemical industry institutes) is th
Page 212 and 213: 5.4 Representation within an emergi
Page 214 and 215: In other countries, the emergence o
Page 216 and 217: Skills developments Career and empl
Page 218 and 219: (WiRES 83 ) looked into the aspect
Page 220 and 221: Career and employment security Heal
Page 222 and 223: solar energy production, has launch
Page 224 and 225: will hire unemployed workers, with
Page 226 and 227: Overall, industrial relations in gr
Page 228 and 229: References Arbeiterkammer Wien, Ins
Page 230 and 231: Chapter 6: Social partner involveme
Page 232 and 233: the same country in different areas
Page 234 and 235: 6.3 Unemployment benefit systems Th
Page 236 and 237: established tripartite cooperation.
Page 238 and 239: would appear that the funds were a
Page 240 and 241: Further, according to the most rece
Page 242 and 243: An example of social concertation i
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government will facilitate the acco
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funds. The schemes were based on pe
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of industrial actions in the summer
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managing these insurance funds is t
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6.6.2 Social partner influence on p
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etirement income gap by private fun
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Acknowledgements The author would l
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Natali D (2009), Public/private mix
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Commission must consult the social
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social partners' increasing role as
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The agreement is a significant achi
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the Commission not to present it to
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In late July 2012 the cross-industr
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Through the AGS the Commission has
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workplaces in local and regional go
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Moreover, the social partners are c
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Change Summit in Cancun in December
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linked to the Europe 2020 strategy
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EU's flagship policy towards the se
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to be included in the national LLL
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industry and sectoral social dialog
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In the construction sector, the Eur
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In the sugar sector, the implementa
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Directive on 30 May 2012. In this,
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well represented at the higher leve
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to establish and/or improve nationa
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Federation of Textiles, Clothing an
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Chart 7.1 Number and type of texts
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commitment to the aim of full imple
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Table 7.1: European sectoral social
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Table 7.2: European social partner
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Recovering and strengthening compet
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Joint position regarding the Europe
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developments, explains the Commissi
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The review is based on consultation
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concluded on 21 May 2012 a European
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Furthermore, studies were commissio
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Report of 26 October 2012 on the im
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Six judgments were delivered relati
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In Case C-3/10 162 , the ECJ ruled
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In Case C 282/10 179 , the ECJ deci
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8.3 Health and safety of workers 8.
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8.3.5 Exposure to asbestos Practica
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of data due to the need for major a
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and effects of the EU Directives on
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2. FREE MOVEMENT OF WORKERS DIRECTI
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HOW TO OBTAIN EU PUBLICATIONS Free
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