Industrial Relations in Europe 2012 - European Commission - Europa

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Acknowledgements We thank Berndt Keller, University of Konstanz and Paul Marginson, University of Warwick for helpful comments and suggestions on an earlier draft of this chapter. We thank Alexandra Stroleny, King’s College London for additional research assistance. References Avdagic, S., Rhodes, M. and Visser, J. (2011), Social Pacts in Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Axo, D. (2012), ‘Early fiscal consolidation and negotiated flexibility in Sweden: A fair way out of the crisis’, in Vaughan-Whitehead, D. (Ed) The Public Sector in Shock. Geneva: International Labour Office. Baccaro, L. and Lim, S-H, (2007), Social Pacts as Coalitions of the Weak and Moderate: Ireland, Italy and South Korea in Comparative Perspective, in European Journal of Industrial Relations, 13, 1, pp. 27-466. Bach, S. and Bordogna, L. (2011), ‘Varieties of new public management or alternative models? The reform of public service employment relations in industrialised democracies’, International Journal of Human Resource Management, 22, 11, pp. 2281-2294. Bach, S. and Kessler, I. (2012), The Modernisation of the Public Services and Employee Relations: Targeted Change, Palgrave-Macmillan, p. 213. Bernaciak, M., Duman, A. and Scepanovik, V.(2011), ‘Employee Welfare and restructuring in the public sector: Evidence from Poland and Serbia’, European Journal of Industrial Relations, 17,4, 365-380. Bohle, D. (2011), Trade unions and the fiscal crisis of the state, Warsaw Forum of Economic Sociology, 90-103. Bordogna, L. (2008), ‘Moral Hazard, Transaction Costs and the Reform of Public Service Employment Relations’, European Journal of Industrial Relations, 14, 4, pp. 381-400. Bordogna, L. and Neri, S. (2011), ‘Convergence towards an NPM programme or different models? Public Service Employment Relations in Italy and France’, International Journal of Human Resource Management, 22, 11, pp. 2311-2330. Bosch, G. (2012), ‘Public sector adjustments in Germany: From cooperative to competitive federalism’, in Vaughan-Whitehead, D (Ed) The Public Sector in Shock. Geneva: International Labour Office. Bosch, G., Mesaros, L., Schilling, G. and Weinkopf, C. (2012), The public sector pay system and public procurement in Germany: National report, University of Duisburg. Manchester: University of Manchester. Dellepiane, S. and Hardiman, N. (2012), ‘The New Politics of Austerity: Fiscal Responses to the Economic Crisis in Ireland and Spain’. UCD Geary Insititute Demmke, C. and Moilanen, T. (2010), Civil Services in the EU of 27.Franfurt: Peter Lang. 199
Dukelow, F. (2011), ‘Economic Crisis and Welfare Retrenchment: Comparing Irish Policy Responses in the 1970s and 1980s with the Present’, Social Policy and Administration, 45, 4, pp. 408-429. Dunsire, A., Hood, C. and Huby, M. (1989), Cutback Management in Public Bureaucracies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Doherty, M. (2011), ‘It must have been love…but it’s over now: the crisis and collapse of social partnership in Ireland’, in Transfer, 17, pp. 371-385. European Commission (2012a), ‘EU-27 Government revenue and expenditure stood at 44.6% and 49.1% of GDP respectively in 2011’, Wahrig and Gancedo Vallina, Statistics in Focus, Available at: http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-SF-12-027/EN/KS-SF- 12-027-EN.PDF European Commission (2012b), White Paper: An Agenda for Adequate, Safe and Sustainable Pensions, Com(2012) 55 final. Brussels: European Commission. European Commission (2012c), The Second Economic Adjustment Programme for Greece. Brussels: European Commission. European Commission (2012d), 'General government expenditure: Analysis by detailed economic function'. Freysson, Statistics in Focus, Available at: http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-SF-12-033/EN/KS-SF-12-033- EN.PDF Featherstone, (2011), ‘The Greek sovereign debt crisis and EMU: A failing state in a skewed regime’, Journal of Common Market Studies, 49, 2, pp. 193-217. Gautié, J. (2012), ‘France: The Public Service under Pressure’, in Vaughan-Whitehead, D. (Ed) The Public Sector in Shock. Geneva: International Labour Office. Geary, J. and Murphy, A. (2011), ‘The reform of public sector pay in Ireland under social pacts’, in Baglioni, M. and Brandl, B. (Eds) Changing Labour Relations: Between Path Dependency and Global Trends. Frankfurt: Peter Lang. Ghellab, Y., Varela, N. and Woodall, J. (2011), Social security and social security governance: a topical ILO Perspective, in International Social Security Review, 64, 4, pp. 39-56. Glassner, V. (2010), The Public Sector in Crisis, Working Paper 2010.07, Brussels: ETUI. Godard, J. (2011), ‘What Has Happened to Strikes?’ British Journal of Industrial Relations, 49, 2, Grimshaw, D. (2012), ‘Austerity, privatization and levelling down: Public sector reforms in the United Kingdom’ in Vaughan-Whitehead, D. (Ed) The Public Sector in Shock. Geneva: International Labour Office. Grimshaw, D. and Rubery, J. (2012),’The End of the UK’s Liberal Collectivist Social Model?’ The Implications of the Coalition Government’s Policy during the Austerity Crisis’ Cambridge Journal of Economics, 36,1, pp. 105-126. Hámori, S. and Köllő, J. (2012), ‘Hungary: Public sector labour market from crisis to crisis’ in Vaughan-Whitehead, D (Ed) The Public Sector in Shock. Geneva: International Labour Office. Hamann, K. and Kelly, J. (2007), Party Politics and the Reemergence of social pacts in Western Europe, inComparative Political Studies, 40, 8, pp. 971-994. 200
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Industrial Relations in Europe 2012
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Neither the European Commission nor
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Table of contents Executive summary
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employers. The second covers countr
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as has trade union fragmentation, d
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collective bargaining, in other cou
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fragmentation and pay dispersion ha
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Generating new jobs and transformin
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een negligible. Second- and third-t
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Nevertheless, the study indicated m
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Chapter 1: Overview of European, na
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2010, collective bargaining coverag
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short period of eight years. In Est
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Chart 1.6: Bargaining centralisatio
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A core aim of the CAWIE project has
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purposes of the present analysis. T
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have been substituted by contractin
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Table 1.1 shows that in 11 countrie
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SI SK UK Central level agreements.
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IT LV LT LU MT NL PL PT RO SE SI SK
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Across the EU the magnitude of the
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IE IT LV LT LU MT NL PL PT RO SE Jo
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argaining in the same way so that d
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Table 1.6: Major unions in the publ
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LU LV MT NL General Confederation o
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As shown by Visser (2010) for the n
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1.5 Employers’ associations In co
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SI SK Governmental bargaining group
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State-centred, including Greece, Sp
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Chart 1.12: Comparison between nati
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this would imply that industrial re
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Doellgast, V. and Greer, I. (2007),
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Chapter 2: Industrial relations dev
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the only available source of compar
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Chart 2.4: Annual net earnings in t
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Table 2.1 GINI coefficients for the
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producers’ Finally, the governmen
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A weakening membership base indicat
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less eager to join an employers’
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The lower degree of bargaining coor
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Existence of tripartite council con
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including trade unions in policymak
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Legal extension of collective agree
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Descriptive statistical evidence (s
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of sector-level collective agreemen
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* Italics indicate pacts addressing
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the liberal CEECs (LT, LV, EE, RO a
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2.3.7 Interim conclusions Unionisat
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Chart 2.16: Multi-national companie
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Box 2.3 Coping with the economic cr
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motivation for employers was findin
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EE HU rapid increase before the cri
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SK 2011: cuts/freeze planned SI 200
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cooperation within the EU, where be
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cabinet resignation, Romania renege
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important for building additional r
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References Avdagic, S. (2005), ‘S
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egulationin Eastern Europe’, in D
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and not an exact measurement of the
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Of the remaining countries, four -
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In some cases this is linked to emp
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and social security activities have
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Table 3.4 Part-time employment, 201
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Table 3.6 Number employed in tempor
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3.4 Employment status and the right
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employees (Angestellte and Arbeiter
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Table 3.8 Trade union density in th
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distinguish between ‘technical’
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with adequate services as well as t
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Wales) about pay increases, based o
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majority public ownership) than in
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3.7 Centralisation, decentralisatio
Page 149 and 150: government over the entire bargaini
Page 151 and 152: 3.8 Industrial conflict and settlem
Page 153 and 154: all of public employees. Career civ
Page 155 and 156: is also paid to equal pay and low-p
Page 157 and 158: Casale G. (2008), Public service la
Page 159 and 160: Pedersini R. (2009), “La riforma
Page 161 and 162: Appendix 3.1 Number employed in pub
Page 164 and 165: Chapter 4: The consequences of the
Page 166 and 167: had a lengthy engagement with NPM r
Page 168 and 169: Moreover, after an initial increase
Page 170 and 171: GDP), Denmark (3.2%), Cyprus (0.9%)
Page 172 and 173: in 2009 - a target that was missed
Page 174 and 175: public sector and its workforce in
Page 176 and 177: Pay Cut Pay Freeze Other measures H
Page 178 and 179: Nevertheless, it should be remember
Page 180 and 181: able to progress to higher salary p
Page 182 and 183: the sharing of information technolo
Page 184 and 185: and moves towards fiscal consolidat
Page 186 and 187: the importance of inward investment
Page 188 and 189: In countries less affected by auste
Page 190 and 191: Spain -18,000 in 2010 in public adm
Page 192 and 193: 4.5.2 Responses of social partners
Page 194 and 195: Country Protest & Strikes Finland F
Page 196 and 197: Country Protest & Strikes Spain Ext
Page 198 and 199: It has been suggested that although
Page 202 and 203: Ibsen, C., Larsen, T., Madsen, J. a
Page 204 and 205: Chapter 5: Greening the social dial
Page 206 and 207: (Ueapme 2010 55 ). Fostering the ad
Page 208 and 209: 5.3 Cooperative approaches in manag
Page 210 and 211: Chemical industry institutes) is th
Page 212 and 213: 5.4 Representation within an emergi
Page 214 and 215: In other countries, the emergence o
Page 216 and 217: Skills developments Career and empl
Page 218 and 219: (WiRES 83 ) looked into the aspect
Page 220 and 221: Career and employment security Heal
Page 222 and 223: solar energy production, has launch
Page 224 and 225: will hire unemployed workers, with
Page 226 and 227: Overall, industrial relations in gr
Page 228 and 229: References Arbeiterkammer Wien, Ins
Page 230 and 231: Chapter 6: Social partner involveme
Page 232 and 233: the same country in different areas
Page 234 and 235: 6.3 Unemployment benefit systems Th
Page 236 and 237: established tripartite cooperation.
Page 238 and 239: would appear that the funds were a
Page 240 and 241: Further, according to the most rece
Page 242 and 243: An example of social concertation i
Page 244 and 245: government will facilitate the acco
Page 246 and 247: funds. The schemes were based on pe
Page 248 and 249: of industrial actions in the summer
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managing these insurance funds is t
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6.6.2 Social partner influence on p
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etirement income gap by private fun
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Acknowledgements The author would l
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Natali D (2009), Public/private mix
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Commission must consult the social
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social partners' increasing role as
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The agreement is a significant achi
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the Commission not to present it to
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In late July 2012 the cross-industr
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Through the AGS the Commission has
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workplaces in local and regional go
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Moreover, the social partners are c
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Change Summit in Cancun in December
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linked to the Europe 2020 strategy
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EU's flagship policy towards the se
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to be included in the national LLL
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industry and sectoral social dialog
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In the construction sector, the Eur
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In the sugar sector, the implementa
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Directive on 30 May 2012. In this,
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well represented at the higher leve
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to establish and/or improve nationa
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Federation of Textiles, Clothing an
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Chart 7.1 Number and type of texts
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commitment to the aim of full imple
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Table 7.1: European sectoral social
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Table 7.2: European social partner
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Recovering and strengthening compet
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Joint position regarding the Europe
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developments, explains the Commissi
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The review is based on consultation
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concluded on 21 May 2012 a European
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Furthermore, studies were commissio
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Report of 26 October 2012 on the im
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Six judgments were delivered relati
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In Case C-3/10 162 , the ECJ ruled
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In Case C 282/10 179 , the ECJ deci
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8.3 Health and safety of workers 8.
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8.3.5 Exposure to asbestos Practica
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of data due to the need for major a
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and effects of the EU Directives on
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2. FREE MOVEMENT OF WORKERS DIRECTI
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HOW TO OBTAIN EU PUBLICATIONS Free
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