Industrial Relations in Europe 2012 - European Commission - Europa

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solar energy production, has launched a project which will lead to the creation of more than 100 new jobs in Vilnius during the next five years 93 . Further, five high-tech companies (Intersurgical, Sicor Biotech, Baltic Solar Solutions, ViaSolis, and Baltic Solar Energy) will lead a joint development project whereby a research and development centre for the solar power and digital optical storage technologies is being set up. Also in the UK, the energy giant Scottish and Southern (SSE) announced the creation of 100 jobs in Glasgow following the collaboration of the company with Mitsubishi Heavy Industries on the development of low carbon technology, including offshore wind farms and carbon capture. SSE said it expected employment to rise significantly over the next five years to up to 1000 posts. Further, in Romania, three new wind parks are created by Eolenvest, which announced its intention to hire 880 employees in 2012. The bigger cases of restructuring, in terms of employees involved, have been seen among the “traditional” energy providers, with the first cases now being linked to the German political decision of denuclearisation following the Fukushima catastrophe. This includes 6000 job cuts in Germany at the German energy provider Eon and around 1000 job cuts by the end of 2016 at the German Energy Provider RWE Power. Further, the French public multinational industrial conglomerate Areva (120,500 employees), operating in the nuclear energy sector, will cut 1500 positions in Germany, close a plant in Belgium (160 employees) and reduce its workforce in France by natural departures of 200 to 250 employees per year by 2016. On the other hand, the French electricity producer and distributer EDF has announced its intention to recruit 5000 employees in 2012 as a way of compensating for large-scale departures due to retirement the coming years. 2200 jobs will be created in nuclear and engineering activities. Together with the observation 94 that decisions to further invest in and promote 95 or to phase out nuclear energy 96 have been taken by Member States within their national energy strategies, it can be expected that some intra-European job-mobility within the nuclear energy sector will be seen in the years to come. This will most likely concern a high-skilled workforce such as nuclear engineers. For further details, see table 5.3 below. In the renewables industry, increased competition from China has been named a major driver, of restructuring, together with ‘homemade’ pressure in the form of overcapacities worldwide in the solar cells market, which has decreased prices significantly. At the same time some Member States have changed their support schemes, for example lowering the feed-in-tariffs or cutting other subsidies, often linked to the tight budget situation and austerity measures. The Danish wind turbine blade manufacturer, LM Wind Power, has presented a labour force adjustment plan affecting the entire workforce (more than 200) of its plant located in Ponferrada (León, Spain). The dismissals are due to the economic downturn in Spain, the unfavourable climate in the wind turbine market and a decrease in demand for LM's products. 93 Case study in Eurofound 2012a 94 Eurofound 2012b 95 E.g.: France, the Czech Republic, the United Kingdom and other countries have announced to actively promote the usage of nuclear energy. 96 E.g.: Germany and Italy, among others will 221
Table 5.3: Recent restructuring cases in renewable energy-producing industries and in the nuclear energy sector Date announced Country Company Sector Announced number of jobs created/destroyed 08-05-2012 EU Phoenix Solar Electricity from RES producer/Solar Manufacturing -179 24-04-2012 NO Renewable Energy Corporation Electricity from RES producer -200 28-02-2012 RO Eolenvest Electricity from wind energy producer +880 15-02-2012 UK Carillion Energy Services Heating from RES -150 04-01-2012 FR EDF Nuclear energy +2200 16-12-2011 DE RWE Power Nuclear energy -1000 14-12-2011 UK Swalec Smart Energy Electricity from RES producer +250 26-10-2011 FR Areva Nuclear energy -1560 to -1910 16-07-2010 UK Scottish and Southern Electricity from RES producer +100 02-07-2010 LT Baltic Solar Energy Electricity from RES producer +160 Source: European Restructuring Monitor, events database, Eurofound However, the solar manufacturing industry is growing in other countries. In Hungary, the creation of a substantial number of jobs has been announced by two companies: Orient Solar (+300) and Solar Energy Systems (+108). Further, in Slovenia, Bisol, in the photovoltaic sector, has announced a business expansion and the creation of 230 new jobs by the end of 2011. In Italy, in the region of Catania, Sicily, 3Sun, a joint venture created by Enel Green Power, Sharp and STMicroelectronics, is to create 400 new jobs by the end of 2012. It aims to manufacture innovative photovoltaic cells and panels. In June 2011 the company and the trade unions reached an agreement under which 3Sun 222
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Industrial Relations in Europe 2012
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Neither the European Commission nor
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Table of contents Executive summary
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employers. The second covers countr
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as has trade union fragmentation, d
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collective bargaining, in other cou
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fragmentation and pay dispersion ha
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Generating new jobs and transformin
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een negligible. Second- and third-t
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Nevertheless, the study indicated m
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Chapter 1: Overview of European, na
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2010, collective bargaining coverag
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short period of eight years. In Est
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Chart 1.6: Bargaining centralisatio
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A core aim of the CAWIE project has
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purposes of the present analysis. T
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have been substituted by contractin
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Table 1.1 shows that in 11 countrie
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SI SK UK Central level agreements.
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IT LV LT LU MT NL PL PT RO SE SI SK
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Across the EU the magnitude of the
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IE IT LV LT LU MT NL PL PT RO SE Jo
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argaining in the same way so that d
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Table 1.6: Major unions in the publ
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LU LV MT NL General Confederation o
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As shown by Visser (2010) for the n
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1.5 Employers’ associations In co
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SI SK Governmental bargaining group
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State-centred, including Greece, Sp
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Chart 1.12: Comparison between nati
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this would imply that industrial re
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Doellgast, V. and Greer, I. (2007),
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Chapter 2: Industrial relations dev
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the only available source of compar
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Chart 2.4: Annual net earnings in t
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Table 2.1 GINI coefficients for the
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producers’ Finally, the governmen
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A weakening membership base indicat
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less eager to join an employers’
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The lower degree of bargaining coor
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Existence of tripartite council con
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including trade unions in policymak
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Legal extension of collective agree
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Descriptive statistical evidence (s
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of sector-level collective agreemen
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* Italics indicate pacts addressing
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the liberal CEECs (LT, LV, EE, RO a
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2.3.7 Interim conclusions Unionisat
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Chart 2.16: Multi-national companie
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Box 2.3 Coping with the economic cr
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motivation for employers was findin
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EE HU rapid increase before the cri
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SK 2011: cuts/freeze planned SI 200
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cooperation within the EU, where be
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cabinet resignation, Romania renege
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important for building additional r
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References Avdagic, S. (2005), ‘S
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egulationin Eastern Europe’, in D
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and not an exact measurement of the
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Of the remaining countries, four -
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In some cases this is linked to emp
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and social security activities have
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Table 3.4 Part-time employment, 201
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Table 3.6 Number employed in tempor
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3.4 Employment status and the right
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employees (Angestellte and Arbeiter
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Table 3.8 Trade union density in th
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distinguish between ‘technical’
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with adequate services as well as t
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Wales) about pay increases, based o
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majority public ownership) than in
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3.7 Centralisation, decentralisatio
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government over the entire bargaini
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3.8 Industrial conflict and settlem
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all of public employees. Career civ
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is also paid to equal pay and low-p
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Casale G. (2008), Public service la
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Pedersini R. (2009), “La riforma
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Appendix 3.1 Number employed in pub
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Chapter 4: The consequences of the
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had a lengthy engagement with NPM r
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Moreover, after an initial increase
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GDP), Denmark (3.2%), Cyprus (0.9%)
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Page 176 and 177: Pay Cut Pay Freeze Other measures H
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Page 192 and 193: 4.5.2 Responses of social partners
Page 194 and 195: Country Protest & Strikes Finland F
Page 196 and 197: Country Protest & Strikes Spain Ext
Page 198 and 199: It has been suggested that although
Page 200 and 201: Acknowledgements We thank Berndt Ke
Page 202 and 203: Ibsen, C., Larsen, T., Madsen, J. a
Page 204 and 205: Chapter 5: Greening the social dial
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Page 210 and 211: Chemical industry institutes) is th
Page 212 and 213: 5.4 Representation within an emergi
Page 214 and 215: In other countries, the emergence o
Page 216 and 217: Skills developments Career and empl
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Page 224 and 225: will hire unemployed workers, with
Page 226 and 227: Overall, industrial relations in gr
Page 228 and 229: References Arbeiterkammer Wien, Ins
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Page 232 and 233: the same country in different areas
Page 234 and 235: 6.3 Unemployment benefit systems Th
Page 236 and 237: established tripartite cooperation.
Page 238 and 239: would appear that the funds were a
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Page 252 and 253: 6.6.2 Social partner influence on p
Page 254 and 255: etirement income gap by private fun
Page 256 and 257: Acknowledgements The author would l
Page 258: Natali D (2009), Public/private mix
Page 261 and 262: Commission must consult the social
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Page 267 and 268: the Commission not to present it to
Page 269 and 270: In late July 2012 the cross-industr
Page 271 and 272: Through the AGS the Commission has
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workplaces in local and regional go
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Moreover, the social partners are c
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Change Summit in Cancun in December
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linked to the Europe 2020 strategy
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EU's flagship policy towards the se
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to be included in the national LLL
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industry and sectoral social dialog
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In the construction sector, the Eur
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In the sugar sector, the implementa
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Directive on 30 May 2012. In this,
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well represented at the higher leve
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to establish and/or improve nationa
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Federation of Textiles, Clothing an
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Chart 7.1 Number and type of texts
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commitment to the aim of full imple
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Table 7.1: European sectoral social
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Table 7.2: European social partner
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Recovering and strengthening compet
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Joint position regarding the Europe
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developments, explains the Commissi
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The review is based on consultation
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concluded on 21 May 2012 a European
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Furthermore, studies were commissio
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Report of 26 October 2012 on the im
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Six judgments were delivered relati
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In Case C-3/10 162 , the ECJ ruled
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In Case C 282/10 179 , the ECJ deci
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8.3 Health and safety of workers 8.
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8.3.5 Exposure to asbestos Practica
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of data due to the need for major a
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and effects of the EU Directives on
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2. FREE MOVEMENT OF WORKERS DIRECTI
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HOW TO OBTAIN EU PUBLICATIONS Free
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